GDT and IDT in kernel space

Paging constructs completed, remap kernel before jumping to kmain
Panic will do a stack trace
Remove SSE from none target

Cargo.toml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ arch_x86_64 = { path = "arch/x86_64" }
 bump_allocator = { path = "alloc/bump_allocator"}
 
 [profile.dev]
-panic = "abort"
+panic = "unwind"
 
 [profile.release]
 panic = "abort"

Makefile

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ bochs: build/harddrive.bin
 	bochs -f bochs.$(ARCH)
 
 qemu: build/harddrive.bin
-	qemu-system-$(ARCH) -serial mon:stdio -drive file=$<,format=raw,index=0,media=disk -nographic
+	qemu-system-$(ARCH) -serial mon:stdio -drive file=$<,format=raw,index=0,media=disk -nographic -d guest_errors
 
 FORCE:
 

arch/x86_64/Cargo.toml

@@ -4,3 +4,7 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 
 [dependencies]
 bitflags = "*"
+
+[dependencies.x86]
+default-features = false
+version = "0.7.1"

arch/x86_64/src/gdt.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+//! Global descriptor table
+
+use core::mem;
+
 pub const GDT_NULL: usize = 0;
 pub const GDT_KERNEL_CODE: usize = 1;
 pub const GDT_KERNEL_DATA: usize = 2;
@@ -6,26 +10,104 @@ pub const GDT_USER_DATA: usize = 4;
 pub const GDT_USER_TLS: usize = 5;
 pub const GDT_TSS: usize = 6;
 
+pub static mut GDTR: GdtDescriptor = GdtDescriptor {
+    size: 0,
+    offset: 0
+};
+
+pub static mut GDT: [GdtEntry; 5] = [GdtEntry::new(); 5];
+
+pub unsafe fn init() {
+    GDT[GDT_KERNEL_CODE].set_access(GDT_PRESENT | GDT_RING_0 | GDT_SYSTEM | GDT_EXECUTABLE | GDT_PRIVILEGE);
+    GDT[GDT_KERNEL_CODE].set_flags(GDT_LONG_MODE);
+
+    GDT[GDT_KERNEL_DATA].set_access(GDT_PRESENT | GDT_RING_0 | GDT_SYSTEM | GDT_PRIVILEGE);
+    GDT[GDT_KERNEL_DATA].set_flags(GDT_LONG_MODE);
+
+    GDT[GDT_USER_CODE].set_access(GDT_PRESENT | GDT_RING_3 | GDT_SYSTEM | GDT_EXECUTABLE | GDT_PRIVILEGE);
+    GDT[GDT_USER_CODE].set_flags(GDT_LONG_MODE);
+
+    GDT[GDT_USER_DATA].set_access(GDT_PRESENT | GDT_RING_3 | GDT_SYSTEM | GDT_PRIVILEGE);
+    GDT[GDT_USER_DATA].set_flags(GDT_LONG_MODE);
+
+    GDTR.set_slice(&GDT);
+    GDTR.load();
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    pub flags GdtAccess: u8 {
+        const GDT_PRESENT = 1 << 7,
+        const GDT_RING_0 = 0 << 5,
+        const GDT_RING_1 = 1 << 5,
+        const GDT_RING_2 = 2 << 5,
+        const GDT_RING_3 = 3 << 5,
+        const GDT_SYSTEM = 1 << 4,
+        const GDT_EXECUTABLE = 1 << 3,
+        const GDT_CONFORMING = 1 << 2,
+        const GDT_PRIVILEGE = 1 << 1,
+        const GDT_DIRTY = 1,
+    }
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    pub flags GdtFlags: u8 {
+        const GDT_PAGE_SIZE = 1 << 7,
+        const GDT_PROTECTED_MODE = 1 << 6,
+        const GDT_LONG_MODE = 1 << 5
+    }
+}
+
 #[repr(packed)]
 pub struct GdtDescriptor {
     pub size: u16,
-    pub ptr: u64
+    pub offset: u64
 }
 
+impl GdtDescriptor {
+    pub fn set_slice(&mut self, slice: &'static [GdtEntry]) {
+        self.size = (slice.len() * mem::size_of::<GdtEntry>() - 1) as u16;
+        self.offset = slice.as_ptr() as u64;
+    }
+
+    pub unsafe fn load(&self) {
+        asm!("lgdt [rax]" : : "{rax}"(self as *const _ as usize) : : "intel", "volatile");
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
 #[repr(packed)]
 pub struct GdtEntry {
     pub limitl: u16,
     pub basel: u16,
     pub basem: u8,
-    pub attribute: u8,
+    pub access: u8,
     pub flags_limith: u8,
     pub baseh: u8
 }
 
 impl GdtEntry {
-    pub fn set_base(&mut self, base: usize) {
+    pub const fn new() -> Self {
-        self.basel = base as u16;
+        GdtEntry {
-        self.basem = (base >> 16) as u8;
+            limitl: 0,
-        self.baseh = (base >> 24) as u8;
+            basel: 0,
+            basem: 0,
+            access: 0,
+            flags_limith: 0,
+            baseh: 0
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_offset(&mut self, offset: usize) {
+        self.basel = offset as u16;
+        self.basem = (offset >> 16) as u8;
+        self.baseh = (offset >> 24) as u8;
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_access(&mut self, access: GdtAccess) {
+        self.access = access.bits;
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_flags(&mut self, flags: GdtFlags) {
+        self.flags_limith = (self.flags_limith & 0xF) | flags.bits;
     }
 }

arch/x86_64/src/interrupt.rs

@@ -17,3 +17,68 @@ pub unsafe fn enable_interrupts() {
 pub unsafe fn halt() {
     asm!("hlt" : : : : "intel", "volatile");
 }
+
+/// x86 External Interrupts (1-16).
+pub static EXCEPTIONS: [Descriptor; 21] = [
+    Descriptor::new("Division error", Kind::Fault),
+    Descriptor::new("Debug trap", Kind::Trap),
+    Descriptor::new("Unmaskable interrupt", Kind::Unmaskable),
+    Descriptor::new("Breakpoint", Kind::Trap),
+    Descriptor::new("Overflow", Kind::Trap),
+    Descriptor::new("Out of bound", Kind::Fault),
+    Descriptor::new("Invalid opcode", Kind::Fault),
+    Descriptor::new("Device unavailable", Kind::Fault),
+    Descriptor::new("Double fault", Kind::Fault),
+    Descriptor::new("Coprocessor segment overrun", Kind::Fault),
+    Descriptor::new("Invalid TSS", Kind::Fault),
+    Descriptor::new("Segment not present", Kind::Fault),
+    Descriptor::new("Stack-segment fault", Kind::Fault),
+    Descriptor::new("General protection", Kind::Fault),
+    Descriptor::new("Page fault", Kind::Fault),
+    Descriptor::new("Reserved", Kind::Reserved),
+    Descriptor::new("x87 FPU", Kind::Fault),
+    Descriptor::new("Unaligned memory access", Kind::Fault),
+    Descriptor::new("Machine check", Kind::Abort),
+    Descriptor::new("SIMD floating-point", Kind::Fault),
+    Descriptor::new("Virtualization violation", Kind::Fault),
+];
+
+/// An interrupt description.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct Descriptor {
+    /// The description of this interrupt.
+    pub desc: &'static str,
+    /// The interrupt type.
+    pub kind: Kind,
+}
+
+impl Descriptor {
+    /// Create a new interrupt description.
+    pub const fn new(desc: &'static str, kind: Kind) -> Descriptor {
+        Descriptor {
+            desc: desc,
+            kind: kind,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The interrupt kind.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum Kind {
+    /// A fault.
+    ///
+    /// This can have multiple sources, but is often a result of a program error of some sort.
+    Fault,
+    /// A trap.
+    ///
+    /// These are often for debugging purposes.
+    Trap,
+    /// A deliberate abort.
+    Abort,
+    /// An unmaskable interrupt.
+    ///
+    /// This is a forced interrupt which need to be handled immediately.
+    Unmaskable,
+    /// Reserved or deprecated.
+    Reserved,
+}

arch/x86_64/src/lib.rs

@@ -4,12 +4,14 @@
 #![feature(concat_idents)]
 #![feature(const_fn)]
 #![feature(core_intrinsics)]
+#![feature(lang_items)]
 #![feature(naked_functions)]
 #![feature(unique)]
 #![no_std]
 
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate bitflags;
+extern crate x86;
 
 /// Print to console
 #[macro_export]
@@ -37,6 +39,8 @@ macro_rules! interrupt {
                 $func
             }
 
+            asm!("xchg bx, bx" : : : : "intel", "volatile");
+
             // Push scratch registers
             asm!("push rax
                 push rcx
@@ -92,6 +96,9 @@ pub mod memory;
 /// Paging
 pub mod paging;
 
+/// Panic
+pub mod panic;
+
 /// Serial driver and print! support
 pub mod serial;
 

arch/x86_64/src/main.rs

@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 /// defined in other files inside of the `arch` module
 
 use externs::memset;
+use gdt;
 use idt;
 use memory::{self, Frame};
-use paging::{self, entry, PhysicalAddress};
+use paging::{self, entry, Page, PhysicalAddress};
 
 /// Test of zero values in BSS.
 static BSS_TEST_ZERO: usize = 0;
@@ -18,29 +19,15 @@ extern {
     fn kmain() -> !;
 }
 
+#[no_mangle]
+pub unsafe extern fn kstart() -> ! {
     extern {
-    /// The starting byte of the text (code) data segment.
-    static mut __text_start: u8;
-    /// The ending byte of the text (code) data segment.
-    static mut __text_end: u8;
-    /// The starting byte of the _.rodata_ (read-only data) segment.
-    static mut __rodata_start: u8;
-    /// The ending byte of the _.rodata_ (read-only data) segment.
-    static mut __rodata_end: u8;
-    /// The starting byte of the _.data_ segment.
-    static mut __data_start: u8;
-    /// The ending byte of the _.data_ segment.
-    static mut __data_end: u8;
         /// The starting byte of the _.bss_ (uninitialized data) segment.
         static mut __bss_start: u8;
         /// The ending byte of the _.bss_ (uninitialized data) segment.
         static mut __bss_end: u8;
     }
 
-#[no_mangle]
-pub unsafe extern fn kstart() -> ! {
-    asm!("xchg bx, bx" : : : : "intel", "volatile");
-
     // Zero BSS, this initializes statics that are set to 0
     {
         let start_ptr = &mut __bss_start as *mut u8;
@@ -55,6 +42,9 @@ pub unsafe extern fn kstart() -> ! {
         debug_assert_eq!(BSS_TEST_NONZERO, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
     }
 
+    // Set up GDT
+    gdt::init();
+
     // Set up IDT
     idt::init(blank);
 
@@ -62,28 +52,13 @@ pub unsafe extern fn kstart() -> ! {
     let mut allocator = memory::init(0, &__bss_end as *const u8 as usize);
 
     // Initialize paging
-    let mut pager = paging::init();
+    let mut active_table = paging::init(&mut allocator);
 
-    // Remap a section with `flags`
-    let mut remap_section = |start_ref: &u8, end_ref: &u8, flags: entry::EntryFlags| {
-        let start = start_ref as *const _ as usize;
-        let end = end_ref as *const _ as usize;
-
-        for i in 0..(start - end + paging::PAGE_SIZE - 1)/paging::PAGE_SIZE {
-            let frame = Frame::containing_address(PhysicalAddress::new(start + i * paging::PAGE_SIZE));
-            pager.identity_map(frame, flags, &mut allocator);
-        }
-    };
-
-    // Remap text read-only
-    {
     asm!("xchg bx, bx" : : : : "intel", "volatile");
-        //TODO remap_section(& __text_start, & __text_end, entry::PRESENT);
-    }
-
     kmain();
 }
 
 interrupt!(blank, {
+    asm!("xchg bx, bx" : : : : "intel", "volatile");
     println!("INTERRUPT");
 });

arch/x86_64/src/memory/mod.rs

@@ -96,7 +96,8 @@ impl Frame {
         PhysicalAddress::new(self.number * PAGE_SIZE)
     }
 
-    fn clone(&self) -> Frame {
+    //TODO: Set private
+    pub fn clone(&self) -> Frame {
         Frame {
             number: self.number
         }

arch/x86_64/src/paging/mapper.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+use core::ptr::Unique;
+
+use memory::{Frame, FrameAllocator};
+
+use super::{Page, PAGE_SIZE, PhysicalAddress, VirtualAddress};
+use super::entry::{self, EntryFlags};
+use super::table::{self, Table, Level4};
+
+pub struct Mapper {
+    p4: Unique<Table<Level4>>,
+}
+
+impl Mapper {
+    /// Create a new page table
+    pub unsafe fn new() -> Mapper {
+        Mapper {
+            p4: Unique::new(table::P4),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn p4(&self) -> &Table<Level4> {
+        unsafe { self.p4.get() }
+    }
+
+    pub fn p4_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Table<Level4> {
+        unsafe { self.p4.get_mut() }
+    }
+
+    /// Map a page to a frame
+    pub fn map_to<A>(&mut self, page: Page, frame: Frame, flags: EntryFlags, allocator: &mut A)
+        where A: FrameAllocator
+    {
+        let mut p3 = self.p4_mut().next_table_create(page.p4_index(), allocator);
+        let mut p2 = p3.next_table_create(page.p3_index(), allocator);
+        let mut p1 = p2.next_table_create(page.p2_index(), allocator);
+
+        assert!(p1[page.p1_index()].is_unused());
+        p1[page.p1_index()].set(frame, flags | entry::PRESENT);
+    }
+
+    /// Map a page to the next free frame
+    pub fn map<A>(&mut self, page: Page, flags: EntryFlags, allocator: &mut A)
+        where A: FrameAllocator
+    {
+        let frame = allocator.allocate_frame().expect("out of memory");
+        self.map_to(page, frame, flags, allocator)
+    }
+
+    /// Identity map a frame
+    pub fn identity_map<A>(&mut self, frame: Frame, flags: EntryFlags, allocator: &mut A)
+        where A: FrameAllocator
+    {
+        let page = Page::containing_address(VirtualAddress::new(frame.start_address().get()));
+        self.map_to(page, frame, flags, allocator)
+    }
+
+    /// Unmap a page
+    pub fn unmap<A>(&mut self, page: Page, allocator: &mut A)
+        where A: FrameAllocator
+    {
+        assert!(self.translate(page.start_address()).is_some());
+
+        let p1 = self.p4_mut()
+                     .next_table_mut(page.p4_index())
+                     .and_then(|p3| p3.next_table_mut(page.p3_index()))
+                     .and_then(|p2| p2.next_table_mut(page.p2_index()))
+                     .expect("mapping code does not support huge pages");
+        let frame = p1[page.p1_index()].pointed_frame().unwrap();
+        p1[page.p1_index()].set_unused();
+        // TODO free p(1,2,3) table if empty
+        allocator.deallocate_frame(frame);
+    }
+
+    pub fn translate_page(&self, page: Page) -> Option<Frame> {
+        self.p4().next_table(page.p4_index())
+            .and_then(|p3| p3.next_table(page.p3_index()))
+            .and_then(|p2| p2.next_table(page.p2_index()))
+            .and_then(|p1| p1[page.p1_index()].pointed_frame())
+    }
+
+    /// Translate a virtual address to a physical one
+    pub fn translate(&self, virtual_address: VirtualAddress) -> Option<PhysicalAddress> {
+        let offset = virtual_address.get() % PAGE_SIZE;
+        self.translate_page(Page::containing_address(virtual_address))
+            .map(|frame| PhysicalAddress::new(frame.start_address().get() + offset))
+    }
+}

arch/x86_64/src/paging/mod.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
 //! # Paging
 //! Some code was borrowed from [Phil Opp's Blog](http://os.phil-opp.com/modifying-page-tables.html)
 
-use core::ptr::Unique;
+use core::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 
 use memory::{Frame, FrameAllocator};
 
-use self::entry::EntryFlags;
+use self::entry::{PRESENT, WRITABLE, EntryFlags};
+use self::mapper::Mapper;
 use self::table::{Table, Level4};
+use self::temporary_page::TemporaryPage;
 
 pub mod entry;
+mod mapper;
 pub mod table;
+mod temporary_page;
 
 /// Number of entries per page table
 pub const ENTRY_COUNT: usize = 512;
@@ -18,87 +22,149 @@ pub const ENTRY_COUNT: usize = 512;
 pub const PAGE_SIZE: usize = 4096;
 
 /// Initialize paging
-pub unsafe fn init() -> ActivePageTable {
+pub unsafe fn init<A>(allocator: &mut A) -> ActivePageTable where A: FrameAllocator {
-    ActivePageTable::new()
+    extern {
+        /// The starting byte of the text (code) data segment.
+        static mut __text_start: u8;
+        /// The ending byte of the text (code) data segment.
+        static mut __text_end: u8;
+        /// The starting byte of the _.rodata_ (read-only data) segment.
+        static mut __rodata_start: u8;
+        /// The ending byte of the _.rodata_ (read-only data) segment.
+        static mut __rodata_end: u8;
+        /// The starting byte of the _.data_ segment.
+        static mut __data_start: u8;
+        /// The ending byte of the _.data_ segment.
+        static mut __data_end: u8;
+        /// The starting byte of the _.bss_ (uninitialized data) segment.
+        static mut __bss_start: u8;
+        /// The ending byte of the _.bss_ (uninitialized data) segment.
+        static mut __bss_end: u8;
+    }
+
+    let mut active_table = ActivePageTable::new();
+
+    let mut temporary_page = TemporaryPage::new(Page { number: 0xcafebabe },
+        allocator);
+
+    let mut new_table = {
+        let frame = allocator.allocate_frame().expect("no more frames");
+        InactivePageTable::new(frame, &mut active_table, &mut temporary_page)
+    };
+
+    active_table.with(&mut new_table, &mut temporary_page, |mapper| {
+        let mut remap = |start: usize, end: usize, flags: entry::EntryFlags| {
+            for i in 0..(end - start + PAGE_SIZE - 1)/PAGE_SIZE {
+                let frame = Frame::containing_address(PhysicalAddress::new(start + i * PAGE_SIZE));
+                mapper.identity_map(frame, flags, allocator);
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Remap stack writable, no execute
+        remap(0x00080000, 0x0009F000, entry::PRESENT | entry::NO_EXECUTE | entry::WRITABLE);
+
+        // Remap a section with `flags`
+        let mut remap_section = |start: &u8, end: &u8, flags: entry::EntryFlags| {
+            remap(start as *const _ as usize, end as *const _ as usize, flags);
+        };
+        // Remap text read-only
+        remap_section(& __text_start, & __text_end, entry::PRESENT);
+        // Remap rodata read-only, no execute
+        remap_section(& __rodata_start, & __rodata_end, entry::PRESENT | entry::NO_EXECUTE);
+        // Remap data writable, no execute
+        remap_section(& __data_start, & __data_end, entry::PRESENT | entry::NO_EXECUTE | entry::WRITABLE);
+        // Remap bss writable, no execute
+        remap_section(& __bss_start, & __bss_end, entry::PRESENT | entry::NO_EXECUTE | entry::WRITABLE);
+    });
+
+    active_table.switch(new_table);
+
+    active_table
 }
 
 pub struct ActivePageTable {
-    p4: Unique<Table<Level4>>,
+    mapper: Mapper,
+}
+
+impl Deref for ActivePageTable {
+    type Target = Mapper;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Mapper {
+        &self.mapper
+    }
+}
+
+impl DerefMut for ActivePageTable {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Mapper {
+        &mut self.mapper
+    }
 }
 
 impl ActivePageTable {
-    /// Create a new page table
+    unsafe fn new() -> ActivePageTable {
-    pub unsafe fn new() -> ActivePageTable {
         ActivePageTable {
-            p4: Unique::new(table::P4),
+            mapper: Mapper::new(),
         }
     }
 
-    fn p4(&self) -> &Table<Level4> {
+    pub fn switch(&mut self, new_table: InactivePageTable) -> InactivePageTable {
-        unsafe { self.p4.get() }
+        use x86::controlregs;
+
+        let old_table = InactivePageTable {
+            p4_frame: Frame::containing_address(
+                PhysicalAddress::new(unsafe { controlregs::cr3() } as usize)
+            ),
+        };
+        unsafe {
+            controlregs::cr3_write(new_table.p4_frame.start_address().get() as u64);
+        }
+        old_table
     }
 
-    fn p4_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Table<Level4> {
+    pub fn with<F>(&mut self, table: &mut InactivePageTable, temporary_page: &mut temporary_page::TemporaryPage, f: F)
-        unsafe { self.p4.get_mut() }
+        where F: FnOnce(&mut Mapper)
-    }
-
-    /// Map a page to a frame
-    pub fn map_to<A>(&mut self, page: Page, frame: Frame, flags: EntryFlags, allocator: &mut A)
-        where A: FrameAllocator
     {
-        let mut p3 = self.p4_mut().next_table_create(page.p4_index(), allocator);
+        use x86::{controlregs, tlb};
-        let mut p2 = p3.next_table_create(page.p3_index(), allocator);
+        let flush_tlb = || unsafe { tlb::flush_all() };
-        let mut p1 = p2.next_table_create(page.p2_index(), allocator);
 
-        assert!(p1[page.p1_index()].is_unused());
-        p1[page.p1_index()].set(frame, flags | entry::PRESENT);
-    }
-
-    /// Map a page to the next free frame
-    pub fn map<A>(&mut self, page: Page, flags: EntryFlags, allocator: &mut A)
-        where A: FrameAllocator
         {
-        let frame = allocator.allocate_frame().expect("out of memory");
+            let backup = Frame::containing_address(PhysicalAddress::new(unsafe { controlregs::cr3() } as usize));
-        self.map_to(page, frame, flags, allocator)
+
+            // map temporary_page to current p4 table
+            let p4_table = temporary_page.map_table_frame(backup.clone(), self);
+
+            // overwrite recursive mapping
+            self.p4_mut()[511].set(table.p4_frame.clone(), PRESENT | WRITABLE);
+            flush_tlb();
+
+            // execute f in the new context
+            f(self);
+
+            // restore recursive mapping to original p4 table
+            p4_table[511].set(backup, PRESENT | WRITABLE);
+            flush_tlb();
         }
 
-    /// Identity map a frame
+        temporary_page.unmap(self);
-    pub fn identity_map<A>(&mut self, frame: Frame, flags: EntryFlags, allocator: &mut A)
+    }
-        where A: FrameAllocator
+}
+
+pub struct InactivePageTable {
+    p4_frame: Frame,
+}
+
+impl InactivePageTable {
+    pub fn new(frame: Frame, active_table: &mut ActivePageTable, temporary_page: &mut TemporaryPage) -> InactivePageTable {
         {
-        let page = Page::containing_address(VirtualAddress::new(frame.start_address().get()));
+            let table = temporary_page.map_table_frame(frame.clone(), active_table);
-        self.map_to(page, frame, flags, allocator)
+            // now we are able to zero the table
+            table.zero();
+            // set up recursive mapping for the table
+            table[511].set(frame.clone(), PRESENT | WRITABLE);
         }
+        temporary_page.unmap(active_table);
 
-    /// Unmap a page
+        InactivePageTable { p4_frame: frame }
-    fn unmap<A>(&mut self, page: Page, allocator: &mut A)
-        where A: FrameAllocator
-    {
-        assert!(self.translate(page.start_address()).is_some());
-
-        let p1 = self.p4_mut()
-                     .next_table_mut(page.p4_index())
-                     .and_then(|p3| p3.next_table_mut(page.p3_index()))
-                     .and_then(|p2| p2.next_table_mut(page.p2_index()))
-                     .expect("mapping code does not support huge pages");
-        let frame = p1[page.p1_index()].pointed_frame().unwrap();
-        p1[page.p1_index()].set_unused();
-        // TODO free p(1,2,3) table if empty
-        allocator.deallocate_frame(frame);
-    }
-
-    fn translate_page(&self, page: Page) -> Option<Frame> {
-        self.p4().next_table(page.p4_index())
-            .and_then(|p3| p3.next_table(page.p3_index()))
-            .and_then(|p2| p2.next_table(page.p2_index()))
-            .and_then(|p1| p1[page.p1_index()].pointed_frame())
-    }
-
-    /// Translate a virtual address to a physical one
-    pub fn translate(&self, virtual_address: VirtualAddress) -> Option<PhysicalAddress> {
-        let offset = virtual_address.get() % PAGE_SIZE;
-        self.translate_page(Page::containing_address(virtual_address))
-            .map(|frame| PhysicalAddress::new(frame.start_address().get() + offset))
     }
 }
 

arch/x86_64/src/paging/temporary_page.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+//! Temporarily map a page
+//! From [Phil Opp's Blog](http://os.phil-opp.com/remap-the-kernel.html)
+
+use memory::{Frame, FrameAllocator};
+
+use super::{ActivePageTable, Page, VirtualAddress};
+use super::table::{Table, Level1};
+
+pub struct TemporaryPage {
+    page: Page,
+    allocator: TinyAllocator,
+}
+
+impl TemporaryPage {
+    pub fn new<A>(page: Page, allocator: &mut A) -> TemporaryPage where A: FrameAllocator {
+        TemporaryPage {
+            page: page,
+            allocator: TinyAllocator::new(allocator),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Maps the temporary page to the given frame in the active table.
+    /// Returns the start address of the temporary page.
+    pub fn map(&mut self, frame: Frame, active_table: &mut ActivePageTable) -> VirtualAddress {
+        use super::entry::WRITABLE;
+
+        assert!(active_table.translate_page(self.page).is_none(),
+                "temporary page is already mapped");
+        active_table.map_to(self.page, frame, WRITABLE, &mut self.allocator);
+        self.page.start_address()
+    }
+
+    /// Maps the temporary page to the given page table frame in the active
+    /// table. Returns a reference to the now mapped table.
+    pub fn map_table_frame(&mut self, frame: Frame, active_table: &mut ActivePageTable) -> &mut Table<Level1> {
+        unsafe { &mut *(self.map(frame, active_table).get() as *mut Table<Level1>) }
+    }
+
+    /// Unmaps the temporary page in the active table.
+    pub fn unmap(&mut self, active_table: &mut ActivePageTable) {
+        active_table.unmap(self.page, &mut self.allocator)
+    }
+}
+
+struct TinyAllocator([Option<Frame>; 3]);
+
+impl TinyAllocator {
+    fn new<A>(allocator: &mut A) -> TinyAllocator where A: FrameAllocator {
+        let mut f = || allocator.allocate_frame();
+        let frames = [f(), f(), f()];
+        TinyAllocator(frames)
+    }
+}
+
+impl FrameAllocator for TinyAllocator {
+    fn allocate_frame(&mut self) -> Option<Frame> {
+        for frame_option in &mut self.0 {
+            if frame_option.is_some() {
+                return frame_option.take();
+            }
+        }
+        None
+    }
+
+    fn deallocate_frame(&mut self, frame: Frame) {
+        for frame_option in &mut self.0 {
+            if frame_option.is_none() {
+                *frame_option = Some(frame);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        panic!("Tiny allocator can hold only 3 frames.");
+    }
+}

arch/x86_64/src/panic.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+//! Intrinsics for panic handling
+
+use interrupt::halt;
+
+#[cfg(not(test))]
+#[lang = "eh_personality"]
+extern "C" fn eh_personality() {}
+
+#[cfg(not(test))]
+/// Required to handle panics
+#[lang = "panic_fmt"]
+extern "C" fn panic_fmt(fmt: ::core::fmt::Arguments, file: &str, line: u32) -> ! {
+    let mut rbp: usize;
+    unsafe { asm!("xchg bx, bx" : "={rbp}"(rbp) : : : "intel", "volatile"); }
+
+    println!("PANIC: {}", fmt);
+    println!("FILE: {}", file);
+    println!("LINE: {}", line);
+
+    println!("TRACE: {:>016X}", rbp);
+    for i in 0..10 {
+        unsafe {
+            let rip = *(rbp as *const usize).offset(1);
+            println!("  {:>016X}: {:>016X}", rbp, rip);
+            if rip == 0 {
+                break;
+            }
+            rbp = *(rbp as *const usize);
+        }
+    }
+
+    println!("HALT");
+    loop {
+        unsafe { halt() };
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+#[no_mangle]
+/// Required to handle panics
+pub extern "C" fn _Unwind_Resume() -> ! {
+    loop {
+        unsafe { halt() }
+    }
+}

bootloader/x86/startup-x86_64.asm

@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ startup_arch:
 
     mov ecx, 0xC0000080               ; Read from the EFER MSR.
     rdmsr
-    or eax, 0x00000100                ; Set the Long-Mode-Enable bit.
+    or eax, 1 << 11 | 1 << 8          ; Set the Long-Mode-Enable and NXE bit.
     wrmsr
 
     ;enabling paging and protection simultaneously
     mov ebx, cr0
-    or ebx, 0x80000001                ;Bit 31: Paging, Bit 0: Protected Mode
+    or ebx, 1 << 31 | 1 << 16 | 1                ;Bit 31: Paging, Bit 16: write protect kernel, Bit 0: Protected Mode
     mov cr0, ebx
 
     ; far jump to enable Long Mode and load CS with 64 bit segment
@@ -69,13 +69,12 @@ long_mode:
     mov gs, rax
     mov ss, rax
 
-    mov rsp, 0x800000 - 128
+    mov rsp, 0x0009F000
 
     ;rust init
     xor rax, rax
     mov eax, [kernel_base + 0x18]
     mov rbx, gdtr
-    xchg bx, bx
     jmp rax
 
     gdtr:

kernel/interrupt.rs

@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-//! Interrupts.
-
-use core::fmt;
-
-/// x86 External Interrupts (1-16).
-pub static EXCEPTIONS: [InterruptDescription; 21] = [
-    Descriptor::new("Division error", Kind::Fault),
-    Descriptor::new("Debug trap", Kind::Trap),
-    Descriptor::new("Unmaskable interrupt", Kind::Unmaskable),
-    Descriptor::new("Breakpoint", Kind::Trap),
-    Descriptor::new("Overflow", Kind::Trap),
-    Descriptor::new("Out of bound", Kind::Fault),
-    Descriptor::new("Invalid opcode", Kind::Fault),
-    Descriptor::new("Device unavailable", Kind::Fault),
-    Descriptor::new("Double fault", Kind::Fault),
-    Descriptor::new("Coprocessor segment overrun", Kind::Fault),
-    Descriptor::new("Invalid TSS", Kind::Fault),
-    Descriptor::new("Segment not present", Kind::Fault),
-    Descriptor::new("Stack-segment fault", Kind::Fault),
-    Descriptor::new("General protection", Kind::Fault),
-    Descriptor::new("Page fault", Kind::Fault),
-    Descriptor::new("Reserved", Kind::Reserved),
-    Descriptor::new("x87 FPU", Kind::Fault),
-    Descriptor::new("Unaligned memory access", Kind::Fault),
-    Descriptor::new("Machine check", Kind::Abort),
-    Descriptor::new("SIMD floating-point", Kind::Fault),
-    Descriptor::new("SIMD floating-point", Kind::Fault),
-    Descriptor::new("Virtualization violation", Kind::Fault),
-];
-
-/// An interrupt description.
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
-pub struct Descriptor {
-    /// The description of this interrupt.
-    pub desc: &'static str,
-    /// The interrupt type.
-    pub kind: Kind,
-}
-
-impl Descriptor {
-    /// Create a new interrupt description.
-    pub fn new(desc: &'static str, kind: Kind) -> Descriptor {
-        Descriptor {
-            desc: desc,
-            kind: kind,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// The interrupt kind.
-pub enum Kind {
-    /// A fault.
-    ///
-    /// This can have multiple sources, but is often a result of a program error of some sort.
-    Fault,
-    /// A trap.
-    ///
-    /// These are often for debugging purposes.
-    Trap,
-    /// A deliberate abort.
-    Abort,
-    /// An unmaskable interrupt.
-    ///
-    /// This is a forced interrupt which need to be handled immediately.
-    Unmaskable,
-    /// Reserved or deprecated.
-    Reserved,
-}
-
-/// Enable interrupts.
-pub unsafe fn enable() {
-    asm!("sti");
-}
-
-/// Disable interrupts.
-pub unsafe fn disable() {
-    asm!("cli");
-}
-
-/// Fire a software interrupt.
-///
-/// Due to inlining being strictly required, we use a macro.
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! interrupt {
-    ($int:expr) => {{
-            asm!("int $0" :: "N" ($int));
-    }};
-}

kernel/lib.rs

@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@
 #![feature(alloc)]
 #![feature(collections)]
 #![feature(const_fn)]
-#![feature(lang_items)]
 #![feature(question_mark)]
 #![no_std]
 
@@ -97,9 +96,6 @@ extern crate collections;
 /// Context management
 pub mod context;
 
-/// Intrinsics for panic handling
-pub mod panic;
-
 /// Schemes, filesystem handlers
 pub mod scheme;
 

kernel/panic.rs

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-//! Intrinsics for panic handling
-
-use arch::interrupt::halt;
-
-#[cfg(not(test))]
-#[lang = "eh_personality"]
-extern "C" fn eh_personality() {}
-
-#[cfg(not(test))]
-/// Required to handle panics
-#[lang = "panic_fmt"]
-extern "C" fn panic_fmt(fmt: ::core::fmt::Arguments, file_line: &(&'static str, u32)) -> ! {
-    loop {
-        unsafe { halt() };
-    }
-}
-
-#[allow(non_snake_case)]
-#[no_mangle]
-/// Required to handle panics
-pub extern "C" fn _Unwind_Resume() -> ! {
-    loop {
-        unsafe { halt() }
-    }
-}

x86_64-unknown-none.json

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
     "relocation-model": "static",
     "code-model": "kernel",
     "disable-redzone": true,
-    "eliminate-frame-pointer": true,
+    "eliminate-frame-pointer": false,
     "exe-suffix": "",
     "has-rpath": false,
     "no-compiler-rt": true,

x86_64-unknown-redox.json

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
     "relocation-model": "static",
     "code-model": "kernel",
     "disable-redzone": true,
-    "eliminate-frame-pointer": true,
+    "eliminate-frame-pointer": false,
     "exe-suffix": ".bin",
     "has-rpath": false,
     "no-compiler-rt": true,