2c7d723de6
Three host-level NixOS options in services.hyperhive.c0re were undocumented. Add a new 'Host-level resource + performance options' section to coordinator.md covering: - agentCpuQuota (default 200%) — CPUQuota= drop-in per container - agentMemoryMax (default 4G) — MemoryMax= drop-in per container - preBuildAgentTemplates (default false) — pre-fetch agent closures into host nix store; trade system closure size for first-spawn speed; warn against enabling on aarch64 hosts
267 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
267 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
# hive-c0re coordinator internals
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Architecture notes for the `hive-c0re` coordinator daemon's internal subsystems.
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For the public API surface (dashboard, socket protocol) see `docs/conventions.md`
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and `docs/persistence.md`.
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---
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## Rebuild queue
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Every long-running container/meta operation (rebuild, meta-update, first-spawn)
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goes through the global rebuild queue (`hive-c0re/src/rebuild_queue.rs`). A single
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background worker drains it in FIFO order so two `nixos-container update` runs on
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the same agent never overlap, and a fresh agent rebuild never races a meta-update's
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lock bump.
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### Why one queue
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Before the rebuild queue landed, four independent call paths could fire
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`auto_update::rebuild_agent` concurrently:
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- Dashboard manual rebuild button
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- `update-all` / `meta-update` cascade
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- Approval handler (apply-commit / spawn)
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- Startup auto-update sweep
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Nothing serialised them. `nix-daemon` serialises the actual store ops, but the rest
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of `rebuild_agent` (token sync, kick, rescan, lock-bump emit) interleaved
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unpredictably. The single-worker queue gives operators a visible, ordered runway and
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lets the UI render "what's about to happen" instead of "something might be happening
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somewhere."
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### Queue kinds
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| Kind | Description |
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|------|-------------|
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| `Rebuild` | Single-agent rebuild. Covers manual, approval-driven, auto-update, and meta-update cascade variants — all funnel through the same path. |
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| `MetaUpdate` | `nix flake update` on the meta flake. The worker runs the lock bump itself, then enqueues a cascade of `Rebuild` entries with `parent_id` set to the meta-update's id. |
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| `Spawn` | First-deploy of a new agent (approval-driven). Same serialisation as `Rebuild` from the operator's POV. |
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| `Destroy` | For future use (`destroy --purge` does real I/O). Variant exists so the wire shape doesn't change later; not currently routed through the queue. |
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| `Restart` | Stop + start a container without touching config (~5-10s). Routed through the queue so it serialises against in-flight rebuilds for the same agent — prevents a restart racing a rebuild mid-flight. Sources: dashboard ↺ button, manager `restart` MCP tool. |
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| `PermChange` | Write a tool-group or capability change to the shared JSON file (`tool-groups.json` / `capabilities.json`), then rebuild the agent so the updated `HIVE_TOOL_GROUPS` / `HIVE_CAPABILITIES` env var takes effect. Serialising the file write through the queue prevents concurrent dashboard batch-apply actions from racing on the shared file. After a successful file write, emits `CapabilitiesChanged` or `ToolGroupsChanged` SSE snapshot so the P3RM1SS10NS tab updates live. |
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**Intentionally not queued** (sub-second ops): `start`, `stop`, `kill`.
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### Dedup
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Enqueueing `(kind, agent)` that already has a `Queued` entry returns the existing
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entry's id and appends the new request as an "also requested by …" line. Running
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entries do not dedup — a re-queue during a run is legitimate (something changed
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since the current run started).
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### Sources
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| Source | Meaning |
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|--------|---------|
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| `Manual` | Operator clicked rebuild / update-all / meta-update on the dashboard, or any other direct human action (CLI, manager tool). |
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| `AutoUpdate` | Legacy startup-sweep source (flat, no parent). Replaced by `StartupSweep` for new boots. |
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| `StartupSweep` | Child of a `StartupSweep` parent entry; boot-time per-agent rebuild with the sweep as the visual group header. |
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| `Approval` | Triggered by an operator-approved `ApprovalKind::{Spawn, ApplyCommit}`. |
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### Cascade parent tracking
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`MetaUpdate` and `StartupSweep` entries fan out `Rebuild` children, each carrying
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`parent_id = <parent_id>`. The dashboard groups children under their parent
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in the queue panel so the operator sees the whole cascade as a tree,
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not a flat list.
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### Step labels
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Each queue entry has a mutable `step: Option<String>` field that the worker updates
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as it progresses through lifecycle phases (`"nix build"`, `"nixos-container stop"`,
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`"nixos-container update"`, `"nixos-container start"`). The dashboard polls
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`/api/state` and renders the current step beneath the running entry so the operator
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can see which phase is taking time.
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### Dependency tracking
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Each entry carries a `depends_on: Vec<u64>` field. The worker skips entries whose
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dependencies are not yet resolved — a dependency is resolved when its id is either
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in the queue as a terminal entry (`Done` / `Failed` / `Cancelled`) or no longer in
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the queue at all (evicted by `trim_history`, which only evicts terminals).
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Use cases:
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- Chain a `Rebuild` after an explicit prerequisite step without coupling them through
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the `parent_id` cascade mechanism.
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- Sequence a `PermChange` + `Rebuild` pair where the rebuild must not start until the
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perm-file write commits (already handled by the single-worker FIFO today, but
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`depends_on` allows explicit cross-kind sequencing when parallel workers are added).
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`depends_on` is part of the dedup key: two entries with the same `(kind, agent,
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parent_id, inputs, approval_id)` but different dep sets are treated as distinct work.
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**Worker re-notification**: the worker drains `take_next()` in a tight loop after
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each entry finishes. When a dep entry transitions to terminal, the loop re-evaluates
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the queue immediately, so downstream entries are unblocked with no extra wakeup. No
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additional `notify_one()` call is needed.
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**Circular-dep caveat**: if A depends on B and B depends on A, neither entry ever
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becomes runnable — the worker skips both indefinitely with no error. Callers must
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ensure acyclic dep graphs. Cycle detection is deferred to a future iteration (when
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parallel workers make a stuck queue more visible).
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---
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## Container view
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`container_view.rs` maintains an in-memory snapshot of every nixos-container's
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systemd service state. It is polled on coordinator startup and re-scanned after
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every lifecycle operation (spawn, rebuild, kill) so the dashboard always reflects
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the actual container status without a live `nixos-container list` call on each
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render.
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---
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## Auto-update sweep
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On startup, `auto_update.rs` rebuilds every known container unconditionally.
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`nixos-container update` is a no-op at the nix level when nothing changed (same
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store path), so the cost is low and avoids rev-marker staleness — all agents always
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need an update pass when any meta commit lands.
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`auto_update::run` enqueues a single `StartupSweep` parent entry (`kind =
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startup_sweep`, `agent = "hyperhive"`) followed by per-agent `Rebuild` children
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(`source = startup_sweep`, `parent_id = sweep_id`). The worker processes the parent
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by bumping the meta `hyperhive` input lock, then transitions it to Done. The child
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rebuilds drain sequentially through the queue; the dashboard renders them nested
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under the parent so the operator can see the whole boot-time sweep in one group.
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Before this change, each boot enqueued flat `Rebuild` entries with
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`source = AutoUpdate` and no parent — visible but ungrouped.
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## Meta flake
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`meta.rs` owns the single coordinator-managed flake at `/var/lib/hyperhive/meta/`.
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This flake consumes every agent's applied config repo as a flake input and exports
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one `nixosConfiguration` per agent. Container lifecycle ops drive the lock file so
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meta's git log is the system-wide deploy audit trail.
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Key operations:
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- **`sync_agents`** (idempotent) — render `flake.nix` for the current agent set,
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init the repo on first call, relock if the rendered contents changed, commit.
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Called by spawn / destroy / startup migration.
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- **`prepare_deploy` + `finalize_deploy` / `abort_deploy`** — two-phase for the
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`RequestApplyCommit` path so a failed `nixos-container update` leaves no orphan
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commit in meta. Prepare writes the new lock without committing; finalize commits
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with the deploy message; abort restores the lock.
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- **`lock_update_hyperhive`** — one-shot for the auto-update path: bumps the
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`hyperhive` input lock, commits, cascades agent rebuilds.
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---
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## Container lifecycle (`lifecycle.rs`)
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Every container operation ultimately calls into `lifecycle.rs`. Two paths exist:
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**rebuild** (existing container) and **spawn** (first-time creation).
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### Rebuild path (existing container)
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Goal: apply the new system profile and any `EXTRA_NSPAWN_FLAGS` / drop-in changes
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in a single start, with minimum downtime.
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`nixos-container update` only runs `systemctl reload container@<c>` when the
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container is already up (per `isContainerRunning` in `nixos-container.pl`). Stopping
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first turns `update` into a boot-style operation: it builds + `nix-env --set`s the
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new profile and skips the in-container `switch-to-configuration`. The subsequent
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`start` then applies both the new profile and any `EXTRA_NSPAWN_FLAGS` changes in
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one go, rather than the double-bounce a live `update` would trigger.
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Sequence for a running container:
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1. `prebuild_toplevel` — build the new `system.build.toplevel` **before** stopping.
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The container keeps serving the previous generation while eval + fetch + build
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happen out-of-band. `nixos-container update` then finds the result cached and
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skips straight to the profile-swap. Build failures surface here, before the
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running container is touched.
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2. `nixos-container stop` — bring the container down.
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3. `nixos-container update --flake meta#<name>` — profile-swap (near-instant after
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the prebuild).
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4. `nixos-container start` — boot into the new generation; the in-container
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activation script transitions old → new.
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If the container is already stopped, step 1 is skipped (no downtime to shave — no
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point evaluating the flake twice).
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### Cold-start fallback
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`start` after `update` can exit non-zero when packages are **removed** between
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generations: the old-generation activation script references units that no longer
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exist in the new closure, causing systemd to exit non-zero. The container may be
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half-started at that point.
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Fallback: `stop` (graceful SIGTERM drain) → `kill` (SIGKILL any lingering processes)
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→ `start` (clean cold-start, no generation transition, new activation runs cleanly).
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Both errors are preserved and surfaced if the cold-start also fails.
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### Spawn path (new container)
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For a first-time `create`, `nixos-container create` is atomic: if the build fails,
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no container record is left to clean up. A separate prebuild would just duplicate
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the eval, so it's skipped. Sequence: `create --flake meta#<name>` → write nspawn
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flags → `systemctl daemon-reload` → `start`.
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### Prebuild attr path
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`nix build` does not auto-resolve `meta#<name>` against `nixosConfigurations` the
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way `nixos-container` does internally. The explicit attr path
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`<flake-root>#nixosConfigurations.<name>.config.system.build.toplevel` is required;
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using the bare `meta#<name>` ref would make nix look in `packages`, `legacyPackages`,
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or the flake root directly — none of which exist in the rendered meta flake.
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---
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## Host-level resource + performance options
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Three `services.hyperhive.c0re.*` options tune container resource
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limits and first-spawn latency. All three apply uniformly to every
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agent container.
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### Container resource limits
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`agentCpuQuota` and `agentMemoryMax` map directly to systemd
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`CPUQuota=` and `MemoryMax=`. hive-c0re writes a
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`container@h-<name>.service.d/` drop-in file on each spawn and
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rebuild, so changes take effect on the next lifecycle op without
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requiring a host rebuild.
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| Option | Default | Description |
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|--------|---------|-------------|
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| `services.hyperhive.c0re.agentCpuQuota` | `"200%"` | CPU cap per agent, as a percentage of one core (`"200%"` = 2 cores). Raise if agents hit CPU limits during builds or heavy tool use. |
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| `services.hyperhive.c0re.agentMemoryMax` | `"4G"` | Memory cap per agent. Raise for agents that run large nix builds or hold big in-memory data. |
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For a hive-wide cap across all containers together, set
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`systemd.slices.machine.serviceConfig.CPUQuota` in your NixOS
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config — all nspawn containers live in `machine.slice`.
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### Pre-building agent templates
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`preBuildAgentTemplates` (default `false`) causes the host NixOS
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build to pre-fetch the per-container system closures
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(`agent-base` + manager toplevels) into `/nix/store`, instead of
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leaving that work to the first `nixos-container start`. The
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trade-off:
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- **On** (recommended for x86_64 hosts that care about first-spawn
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latency): the first `nixos-container start` for any new agent
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completes in seconds because nothing is left to fetch. Cost:
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the full nixpkgs runtime closure + claude-code + the harness
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binary are added to the host system closure (low single-digit GB
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additional).
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- **Off** (default): the host closure stays lean; the first spawn
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does all the eval + fetch work at runtime (can take several
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minutes on a fresh store).
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**Note**: toplevels are pinned to `x86_64-linux`. Enabling on an
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`aarch64` host forces a cross-compilation or remote-builder build,
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which is almost never desired. Leave off on non-x86 hosts.
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---
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## See also
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- `docs/approvals.md` — approval flow + scheduled prompts
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- `docs/persistence.md` — SQLite schema, state-dir layout
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- `docs/conventions.md` — wire protocol, recipient sentinels
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- `docs/agent-hierarchy.md` — topology and parent/child relations
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