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hyperhive/docs/4-implementation/swarm/controller.md
iris 0ae34b1cd0 docs: persistence and config changes become one operator page
The operator parts of the persistence and config-changes pages merge into
agents/persistence.md. The sqlite tables, state dirs, mounts and migrations move
to 4-implementation/agent-state/persistence.md, and the deploy path, meta flake,
deploy markers, startup migrations, root container, system messages and
autoupdate move to 4-implementation/agent-state/config-changes.md. Links, code
comments and nix comments that named the old sections point at the new pages.
2026-11-11 01:50:35 +01:00

433 lines
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Markdown

# Swarm controller: status, queue and forge objects
How the swarm controller takes in hive status, what a hive and an agent need to
reach the queue, how it keeps an agent's `AGENTS.md`, and the forge objects and
webhooks it owns. The operator's overview is in
[the swarm page](../../2-handbook/swarm/README.md#swarm-controller).
## Per-hive status (`GET /api/hives/status`)
One row per hive in `swarm.hives`, saying when it last reported and what
it said. Hives publish upward through the swarm queue; the controller
never reaches down to collect, so a hive that can't reach the swarm
still knows its own state — you just can't see it from here.
A hive publishes only once it holds all three status-publish coordinates
below. A hive without them reads
`never_reported` — it's not broken, it just has nothing to say upward.
| freshness | what to do about it |
| ---------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `fresh` | nothing — reported within `staleAfterSeconds` |
| `stale` | the hive stopped reporting. Its last payload is still shown, so check `age_seconds` and the payload for what it managed to say |
| `never_reported` | this hive has never reported at all — normally a deployment that hasn't happened, not an outage |
| `unknown` | something is publishing under a name that's not in `swarm.hives` — a typo in the roster, or a hive removed from the roster but still running |
The snapshot is the hive's `/health/ready` document plus `capabilities`, a list
of names for what the hive's release can do. Two exist: `tolerant-permissions`, and `no-config-checkout`, which
[turning an archetype agent into a custom one](../../2-handbook/swarm/archetypes.md#turn-into-custom)
needs. A hive on an older release lists none.
The snapshot also carries `egress_deny_applied`, the revision of the egress deny
list the hive last rendered into its proxy (`0` when the swarm has none). A hive
on an older release, or one that hasn't read the list yet, leaves it out; see
[the egress proxy](../networking/network.md#egress-proxy-squid).
Every row also carries `last_seen_unix` and `age_seconds` if you want to
apply your own threshold. The timestamp is the one the queue recorded on
arrival, not one the hive put in its own payload. A roster hive's row
carries `dashboard`, the host its dashboard answers on; the swarm UI's
hive list links there.
Set `services.hyperhive.swarm.controller.staleAfterSeconds` (default
`120`) **above the rate hives publish at**, or everything reads `stale`
between reports. Hives publish once a minute, so the default tolerates
one missed report and flags two. It takes effect on the next request;
nothing has to re-publish.
## Making a hive report
Two options on the **hive**, plus its store identity. They sit in two
namespaces, because the queue's URL is a fact about _this machine_ and the
token endpoint is the swarm's single address:
| option | what to set it to |
| ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |
| `deploy.hive-controller.statusPublish.natsUrl` | `tls://<swarm.nats.domain>:<swarm.nats.port>` |
| `swarm.statusPublish.tokenEndpoint` | the swarm IdP's `/api/oidc/token` |
Both default to the swarm's own addresses on every hive, so there is nothing to
set for them. The client secret isn't an option: hive-c0re reads it from the
swarm's secret store, at `swarm/hives/<hiveName>/oidc/client`, under the hive's
own store leaf (`deploy.bao.clientCertFile`). Authelia's mint, in its
container, puts it there. A hive without a store leaf doesn't
publish; setting `natsUrl` to null turns publishing off too.
Until the secret is in the store, hive-c0re shows a `swarm_queue_config`
warning and tries again, waiting 5 seconds after the first failure and doubling
up to 5 minutes. It starts publishing as soon as a read succeeds, with no
restart.
The queue URL is the same string on every hive. The queue accepts TLS only,
with a certificate for `swarm.nats.domain` (default `nats.<swarm.domain>`) and
no other name or address, so a URL with an IP address or `nats://` fails.
The queue's host resolves the name itself. **A multi-host swarm needs one
upstream DNS record**, `nats.<swarm.domain>` pointing at the queue host's mesh
address, the same contract as `bao.<swarm.domain>`. The queue's port is open
on `wg-hive` when that host is on the mesh.
The queue's host asks the secret store for that certificate under a store
leaf of its own, `deploy.nats.baoClientCertFile` / `baoClientKeyFile`. On the
store's host both default to the leaf `glue-bao-tls.nix` mints there. A queue
host without the store gets no default, even when it holds the hive's own
reader `deploy.bao.clientCertFile`: issue a leaf whose subject is
`deploy.bao.natsCommonName`, place it, and name it in both options. Until you
do, `swarm-bao-nats-tls` fails naming both whenever the queue's certificate is
missing or due for renewal.
The queue host's gateway also serves the queue's metrics, at
`https://<swarm.nats.domain>/metrics`, so a swarm collector on any host
scrapes them. Only the collector's authelia client gets through; any other
session gets `deny`, and every other path on that name is 403. With the
gateway's default self-signed TLS, that vhost serves the queue's own
certificate, so a host whose only swarm service is the queue needs no
swarm-services certificate.
The identity isn't a choice — a hive authenticates as `hive-<hiveName>`
and publishes under `hiveName`, the same name that keys `swarm.hives`.
If a hive stops reporting, its `/health/ready` and the `hyperhive.hive.warning` metric are the place to look: a
failure to publish raises a hive warning after three consecutive
misses. It stays `warn` rather than `crit` on purpose — a hive that
can't reach the queue isn't itself unhealthy, so it doesn't start
calling itself degraded for being unable to say it's fine.
The endpoint answers **503** when this host has no swarm queue
configured, or has one and can't read it — deliberately not an empty
list, which would look like a silent swarm rather than a controller that
can't see. The body says which. Status survives a controller restart:
it's stored in the queue, not in the daemon.
## Giving the agents the queue too
An agent connects to the queue as itself, with a credential `swarm-controller`
mints for it when it creates the agent (`swarm/agents/<agent>/queue` in the
secret store, see [`credentials.md`](../../2-handbook/swarm/credentials.md)). The harness reads it from
the store under the agent's own certificate before each connection attempt and
holds it in memory only. The one thing to configure is where the queue is:
| option | what to set it to |
| ------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `deploy.hive-controller.queue.agentNatsUrl` | where the queue listens, as an agent **container** reaches it |
It reaches each container at start, as `HIVE_AGENT_NATS_URL` in
`/etc/hyperhive-hive-facts`, so no agent build carries it. On every hive,
`agentNatsUrl` defaults to the same
`tls://<swarm.nats.domain>:<swarm.nats.port>` as the hive's own. The option takes one
`<scheme>://<host>:<port>` (a hostname or IPv4 address), not an IPv6 literal or a
list: evaluation refuses anything else. On the queue's
host the name resolves inside a container to the bridge address, where the
firewall opens the port; on any other hive it resolves through the host's DNS,
like the store's name. ⚠️ **Never a loopback address here**: an agent has its
own network namespace, so `127.0.0.1` reaches the agent.
**An agent can't run without the connection.** Without it the swarm can neither
show the agent nor send it anything, so a harness without one stops:
- A harness started without the queue's address (`HIVE_AGENT_NATS_URL`) or the
store's coordinates (`BAO_ADDR`, `HIVE_AGENT_NAME` and the agent's
certificate) exits at boot with an error naming what's missing.
- A harness whose first connect fails tries again after 5 seconds, doubling the
wait each time, and logs a warning for each attempt that fails. After the
seventh, about five minutes in, it logs an error and exits. The error reads
`no swarm queue connection; exiting, since this agent cannot run without one`,
and the Grafana alert rule `hh-swarm-queue-connect-failed` fires on it.
Either way the harness exits and comes back until the queue accepts it. Once
connected, the client reconnects by itself after a dropped connection, reading
the credential from the store again for each attempt.
The hive's shared queue client is still delivered into the harness unit's
credentials directory, and `swarm.statusPublish.tokenEndpoint` still reaches
the container, but only for a `swarm-logs` built before it read the agent's
own queue secret: the harness never connects with them, and a current
`swarm-logs` presents that secret to the log store instead.
<details><summary>What an agent publishes over the queue</summary>
What an agent does with that connection is publish its terminal. Every row its
own web UI renders also goes to `$SWARM.term.<agent>`, one subject per agent, so
a swarm-level terminal can follow one agent without subscribing to the swarm's
whole traffic. The queue grants that subject to the agent's own credential,
and the swarm controller relays it. Publishing only: an
agent talks about itself here and reads nothing. The queue keeps the rows in
the stream `term-main-<agent>` for 24 hours or 64 MiB, the same limits and the
same creator as the subagent stream below, so a swarm terminal that attaches
later replays the newest of them. The two streams hold disjoint subjects.
An agent's **subagents** publish their terminals too, from the agent's
subagent daemon: each subagent's rows go to `$SWARM.term.<agent>.sub.<subagent>`,
classified the same way. The queue grants that family to the agent's own queue
credential alone, so the daemon reads it from the store under the agent's store
identity, exactly as the harness does, and publishes nothing without it. The
queue keeps these rows in the stream `term-sub-<agent>` for 24 hours or 64 MiB,
whichever comes first, dropping the oldest rows once either limit kicks in so
a publish never fails because of it, and the swarm lists an agent's subagents
from that stream's subjects and replays a subagent's newest rows from it. The swarm controller creates that stream for
every agent a hive's wanted state names, within a minute of the agent
appearing there. The agent's grant is publish on its own
`$SWARM.term.<agent>.sub.>` and no `JetStream` subject, so the stream's
subjects and limits are the controller's and never the agent's. Subagents
publish output only and read nothing.
The queue would refuse a row too large for its `max_payload` outright and
take the connection down with it, so the harness drops such a row's body before
sending and leaves a marker in its place; the summary, level and icon still
arrive. The harness logs and skips a row that's too large even without its body.
The second thing an agent publishes is its **turn-state header**, on
`$SWARM.agent-state.<agent>` — same shape of subject, same grant mechanics,
same lack of retention. It carries what a header bar wants: what the turn loop
is doing (`turn_state`, plus `turn_state_since` as an ISO 8601 UTC stamp),
which model and effort (`model`, `effort`, where each comes from as
`model_source` and `effort_source`, and the resolved id the last turn
actually ran on), the
context budget and the last turn's context and cost token blocks,
`agent_state`, and `needs_login`: `true` while the agent's claude has no
session and its turns wait for a login. The harness sets it from its own login
state, so it reaches the swarm without going through the hive.
A header also carries `paused_by_hive` while the harness's own pause is in force:
the reason it wrote into the pause marker when it paused its turn loop. A pause
by an operator (`hivectl agent <name> pause`, the dashboard) leaves the marker
empty and reports nothing here, and so does a harness that predates the field.
The controller reacts by declaring the agent `paused`, but only when the swarm
declares it `up` at that moment. Without that, the hive resumes any paused agent the
swarm declares `up` on its next convergence. It acts once per pause: the entry
stays until a header without the field arrives. Setting the agent `up` again
resumes it, and the hive clears the marker. If the swarm is on a controller that
predates the field, the hive's pause lasts until its next convergence, as before.
`agent_state` reuses the swarm's own wanted-state vocabulary
(`up`/`offline`/`paused`/`destroyed`) so a reader can compare what an agent _is_
against what the swarm declared it should be without translating between two
spellings. ⚠️ From inside the container only two of those four are sayable: the
harness reports `up`, or `paused` when the pause marker is present. `offline` and
`destroyed` are hive-c0re's observations — a stopped agent publishes nothing and
a destroyed one doesn't exist — so a view that needs the full four-state picture
takes them from the `agent-status` bucket and uses this subject to sharpen the
rest.
Headers go out **on transition**: the harness rebuilds the header whenever its
event bus moves and publishes when the result differs from what it last sent.
That's the whole point of the subject — the `agent-status` bucket already
republishes once a minute, which is far too slow for "is this agent thinking
right now." A core subject keeps nothing for a late subscriber, so the harness
also re-sends the current header once a minute: a subscriber attaching
mid-idle sees it within that minute. The swarm's stream sends a new client the
latest header it holds first, when that's under 150 seconds old. A renderer opens with the bucket's
snapshot and lets this stream refine it.
Swarm-side, `GET /api/agents/<name>/state/stream` relays that subject as SSE,
resolving the agent's hive at request time exactly as the terminal stream does.
The payload passes through opaquely. Separately, the controller keeps each
agent's latest `model`, `effort` and their sources for
`GET /api/agents/<name>/inference` ([`inference.md`](inference.md)), and each
agent's latest `needs_login` for the `needs_login` field of
`GET /api/agents/status`. That field is `null` until a header carrying the flag
arrives, so for up to a minute after the controller starts, and for an agent
whose harness doesn't send it. The row's `paused_by_hive` comes from the same
headers and is `null` in the same cases.
The third thing an agent publishes is its **icon**, the same SVG its own
`GET /icon` serves. It goes into the `agent-icons` KV bucket under the key
`<agent>`, with no hive in it, so the swarm can show the icon of an agent that's
stopped or has moved hives. The queue grants the agent's own credential
`$KV.agent-icons.<agent>` and no other key of that bucket. The harness writes
once per start, because a config change reaches an agent by restarting its
container. An agent with no icon deletes its key. Swarm-side,
`GET /api/agents/<name>/icon` serves
the stored bytes, and 404 means the agent has no icon. swarm-ui's agent cards
load it as an `<img>` and show the dimmed hyperhive mark for an agent without
one, as the hive dashboard does.
The fourth is its **`AGENTS.md`**, which goes into the `agents-md` bucket under
the key `<agent>`, writable by the agent's own credential alone
(`$KV.agents-md.<agent>`). The swarm reads that copy and edits the file through
the agent; [An agent's AGENTS.md](#an-agents-agentsmd) has the details.
The queue also limits what an agent may **subscribe** to, because agents are the
least trusted clients on the queue. An agent's own queue credential, which its
subagent daemon also presents, may subscribe to its reply inbox
`_INBOX.agent.<agent>.>`, its operator-input subject `$SWARM.input.<agent>` and
its command subject `$SWARM.control.<agent>`, and nothing else. Besides the
subjects it publishes to, the credential may answer the one request it was just
sent, which is how a command gets its reply. The harness and the subagent daemon
connect with `_INBOX.agent.<agent>` as their inbox prefix, so the replies to the
icon write and the schedule read arrive. An agent can't read another agent's
terminal, state, input, commands or replies.
Hives and the swarm controller get a subscribe allow-list too, each with its
own reply inbox `_INBOX.client.<client-id>.>`, which `swarm_queue_client::connect`
sets as their inbox prefix. A KV watch or key listing delivers there as well. A
hive may also subscribe to `$SWARM.knowledge` and its own `$SWARM.deploy.<hive>`,
so it can't read another hive's deploys or any agent's terminal. The controller
may also subscribe to `$SWARM.term.<agent>`, `$SWARM.term.<agent>.sub.<subagent>`
and `$SWARM.agent-state.<agent>`, the streams it relays to swarm-ui. A hive or
controller that connects with the library's default `_INBOX.<nuid>` prefix gets
no replies, so every request it makes times out.
</details>
## An agent's AGENTS.md
The file in the agent's state dir, `state/AGENTS.md`, is the only copy that
counts, and only the agent writes it: itself, or its harness applying an edit
from the swarm. No hive is in either path.
**Reading.** The harness publishes the file's text and its revision, the git
blob id that `git hash-object` prints for it, at start, within ten seconds of
any change, and straight after an edit it applied. An agent with no `AGENTS.md`
publishes `""`. `GET /api/agents/<name>/agents-md` answers `{content, revision}`
from that copy, so it works while the agent isn't running. A 404 means the agent
hasn't published one: its harness hasn't run since it began to.
**Initial text.** `POST /api/agents` and `swarmctl agent create --agents-md <file>`
take an optional `agents_md`, the text the file starts with, up to 64 KiB; a
longer text is a 400. The controller stores it under the key `<agent>` of the
`agents-md-initial` bucket, which only it writes, before it queues the creation.
At start the harness reads its own key, with one direct get on
`$JS.API.DIRECT.GET.KV_agents-md-initial.$KV.agents-md-initial.<agent>`, and
writes the text to `AGENTS.md` only when no file exists there. It does this
before the first mirror publish and the first turn. An existing file is never
replaced, so a restart or a re-create keeps the agent's edits; a later change
to the file never reaches the key. Destroying the agent deletes the key. When
the harness can't read the key it starts without the text and logs a warning.
The text holds no secret, so nothing goes through the secret store.
**Editing.** `PUT /api/agents/<name>/agents-md` takes `{base_revision, diff}`.
The diff is a unified diff that names `a/AGENTS.md` and `b/AGENTS.md`, made
against the text at `base_revision`. swarm-controller sends it as a request on
the agent's command subject `$SWARM.control.<name>`, as it sends a cancel. The
harness refuses it when the file isn't at `base_revision`. Otherwise it runs
`git apply --check` and then `git apply` on a copy of the file, and writes the
result over the file only when both pass:
| Status | Meaning |
| ------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 200 | applied; the body is `{revision}`, the file's new revision |
| 409 | the file isn't at `base_revision` any more; nothing applied, and `revision` in the body is the one it's at |
| 422 | `git apply` refused the diff, or it touches a file other than `AGENTS.md`; `detail` carries git's message, and the file stays as it was |
| 503 | the agent isn't running or isn't connected to the queue |
| 504 | the harness didn't answer within ten seconds, so whether the edit applied is unknown |
| 500 | the harness couldn't read or write the file or run git, or the queue failed the request |
The harness refuses a diff that sets any file mode other than `100644`, so an
edit can't turn `AGENTS.md` into a symlink. `PUT` is operator-only, behind
`Remote-User` like cancel: whoever can call it can rewrite the agent's
instructions, so don't widen who holds it without revisiting this.
An edit needs the agent running, and a read of a stopped agent shows the text
it last published. A harness older than this route doesn't know the command and
drops it unanswered, which reads as a 504. `swarmctl agent agents-md get` and
`apply` call the two routes.
## Swarm-wide forge objects
The controller also keeps the forge objects that are one per swarm, not
one per hive. It ensures them at start and every five minutes after
(`swarm-controller/src/forge/objects.rs`):
- the orgs `agent-configs`, `internal` and `agents`, plus each mirror's
owner org;
- the empty `operators` merge-gate team in `agents` and `agent-configs`;
- the `main` merge gate on every `agent-configs` repo: merge and approval
whitelists = the `operators` team, and no user. The controller leaves a
repo with no `main` rule alone;
- the pull-mirrors from `deploy.forgejo.mirrors` on the controller's
host (with the `actions/checkout` and `actions/upload-artifact` ones
`deploy.forgejo.actionsFromSelf` adds, and `hyperhive/hyperhive` from
`deploy.forgejo.hyperhiveUpstream`);
- `internal/docs` (private) and `internal/knowledge` (public, with a
seed `README.md` while empty);
- the `agent-configs` org avatar
(`deploy.swarm-controller.configOrgAvatarPng`).
A pass that can't finish logs a
`warn` line per object plus `swarm forge objects: pass incomplete` in
`journalctl -u swarm-controller`, and retries on the next tick. While the
controller is down the objects stay as they are.
The controller gives each agent **read** on `internal/docs`. A `GrantDocsRead`
node in the agent's create job adds it as a collaborator, unless it already holds read or more. A pass over the
store's `hive-agent-*` roster (`forge/docs_grant.rs`, at start and every five
minutes) adds any agent that isn't one, so an agent whose create-time grant failed
gets it within five minutes. The pass only adds: a roster it can't read, a
forge read that fails, or an `internal/docs` that doesn't exist (checked once per
pass, logged at warn) changes nothing. The grant doesn't depend on the hive
the agent runs on, or on a forge container there.
## Swarm-wide forge webhooks
At startup the controller registers its Forgejo hooks pointing at
itself, all under `https://<swarm.domain>/webhook/forge/`:
- a `push` hook on `internal/knowledge`
- a `pull_request` hook on the `agent-configs` org
- an instance-wide `push` system hook, for commit metrics
- an instance-wide `pull_request_review_request` system hook, which starts
the [review classifier](review-classifier.md#trigger-and-lifecycle)
- instance-wide `issues` + `issue_assign` and `pull_request` +
`pull_request_assign` + `pull_request_sync` + `pull_request_review_approved` +
`pull_request_review_rejected` + `pull_request_review_comment` system hooks, and
an instance-wide `workflow_run_failure` + `workflow_run_cancelled` system hook,
whose deliveries it keeps in the `SWARM_EVENTS` stream for the
[notification router](notify-router.md#the-path)
The controller **interprets** a delivery and sends hives a specific
message — _the knowledge repo changed_, _deploy agent `foo` at rev
`abc123`_ — rather than forwarding forge payloads for each hive to
re-derive. Approval happens once, at the swarm level: a hive receives a
decision, not an event to adjudicate.
The `issues` and `pull_request` deliveries are the exception: no hive gets
them, and the notification router, not the controller, decides what they mean.
A `config-pr` delivery reporting a PR merged into `main` queues a deploy
of its `merge_commit_sha` on the one hive whose wanted state places the
agent; with no such hive, or more than one, the controller deploys nothing. See
[config-changes.md § Config changes](../../4-implementation/agent-state/config-changes.md#config-changes).
A merge whose `closed` delivery never arrives deploys nothing either; the
operator recovers by redelivering that delivery from the forge hook page,
which re-enters the same handler and re-queues the deploy.
**`internal/knowledge` is on that path.** The controller's is the only
hook on it ([`knowledge.md`](../../2-handbook/swarm/knowledge.md) covers clearing a
leftover). A webhook has exactly one target URL, so a second registration
would take delivery away from the first rather than add a recipient.
<!-- vale write-good.Passive = NO -->
**The `agent-configs` org is on it too.** The controller's hook is the
only one that acts on config PRs. No hive serves `/webhook/config-pr`
any more and none deletes it: a hook of that name left on the org by an
older release stays registered and collects failed deliveries until an
operator deletes it by hand. Removing
the controller's hook stops forge-UI merges from deploying until its
next start recreates it.
<!-- vale write-good.Passive = YES -->
Nothing to configure. The controller registers the hooks only when this
host also serves the swarm UI vhost — that's what publishes the
endpoint, and a hook the forge can't reach would collect failed
deliveries while looking healthy. The controller generates the HMAC
secret on first start and keeps it
(see [`docs/4-implementation/agent-state/persistence.md`](../../4-implementation/agent-state/persistence.md)).
To check it's working, push to `internal/knowledge` and look for
`webhook: verified delivery` in `journalctl -u swarm-controller`. A
refused delivery logs `webhook: refused delivery` with the reason.
The controller registers the hooks within five minutes of having both the forge
token and the secret. It keeps trying, at most five minutes apart, for as long
as the forge or the secret store is down. A restart isn't needed to recover.