//! Reaching swarm-controller through the swarm domain's gateway instead of its
//! unix socket, as the operator's own SSO account.
//!
//! The gateway's `/api/` location runs authelia's `auth_request` and accepts an
//! OAuth 2.0 bearer token in place of a session cookie. `swarmctl login`
//! ([`crate::login`]) obtains one for the public `swarmctl` client and this
//! module caches it, refreshes it and presents it.
//!
//! ⚠️ authelia **rotates** the refresh token on every use, and presenting an
//! already-used one revokes the whole login. Every refresh therefore runs under
//! an exclusive lock on the cache, and rereads the cache once it holds it.

use std::fs::{self, DirBuilder, File, OpenOptions};
use std::io::Write as _;
use std::os::unix::fs::{DirBuilderExt as _, OpenOptionsExt as _};
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};

use anyhow::{Context as _, Result, anyhow, bail};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

/// Registered under the same id in `swarm-authelia.nix`.
pub(crate) const CLIENT_ID: &str = "swarmctl";

/// Refresh this long before the access token's stated expiry, so a token
/// doesn't lapse between the check and the gateway's look at it.
const EXPIRY_MARGIN_SECS: i64 = 60;

/// Where a controller request goes.
pub(crate) enum Target {
    /// swarm-controller's unix socket on this host.
    Socket(PathBuf),
    /// The swarm domain's gateway, with the cached login.
    Swarm(Swarm),
}

/// A swarm reached by its domain.
pub(crate) struct Swarm {
    /// `https://<swarm domain>`, with no path.
    pub origin: url::Url,
    /// A PEM CA certificate to trust beside the system roots.
    pub ca_file: Option<PathBuf>,
    /// Where the login cache lives: `$XDG_STATE_HOME/swarmctl` by default.
    pub state_dir: PathBuf,
}

impl Swarm {
    pub(crate) fn parse(url: &str, ca_file: Option<PathBuf>, state_dir: PathBuf) -> Result<Self> {
        let parsed =
            url::Url::parse(url).with_context(|| format!("--swarm {url:?} is not a URL"))?;
        if parsed.scheme() != "https" || parsed.host_str().is_none() {
            bail!("--swarm {url:?} must be an https:// URL naming the swarm's domain");
        }
        let origin = url::Url::parse(&parsed.origin().ascii_serialization())
            .context("re-parsing the swarm's origin")?;
        Ok(Self {
            origin,
            ca_file,
            state_dir,
        })
    }

    /// What the token must name for the gateway to admit it at `/api/`.
    /// authelia matches it as a URL prefix.
    pub(crate) fn audience(&self) -> String {
        format!("{}api/", self.origin)
    }

    /// An HTTP client that never follows a redirect: from the gateway one
    /// means "log in", and following it would land on the login page.
    pub(crate) fn http(&self) -> Result<reqwest::Client> {
        let mut builder = reqwest::Client::builder().redirect(reqwest::redirect::Policy::none());
        if let Some(path) = &self.ca_file {
            let pem = fs::read(path)
                .with_context(|| format!("reading the CA certificate {}", path.display()))?;
            let cert = reqwest::Certificate::from_pem(&pem)
                .with_context(|| format!("parsing {} as a PEM certificate", path.display()))?;
            builder = builder.add_root_certificate(cert);
        }
        builder.build().context("building the HTTPS client")
    }

    pub(crate) fn cache_path(&self) -> PathBuf {
        let host = self.origin.host_str().unwrap_or_default();
        let name = match self.origin.port() {
            Some(port) => format!("{host}_{port}.json"),
            None => format!("{host}.json"),
        };
        self.state_dir.join(name)
    }

    fn not_logged_in(&self) -> String {
        format!(
            "not logged in to {} — run `swarmctl --swarm {} login`",
            self.origin, self.origin
        )
    }

    /// One request to `uri` (a path under the origin) with the cached login.
    /// A 401 is answered by one refresh and one retry; a second 401 means the
    /// login itself is gone.
    pub(crate) async fn request(
        &self,
        method: hyper::Method,
        uri: &str,
        body: Option<Vec<u8>>,
        what: &str,
    ) -> Result<(hyper::StatusCode, bytes::Bytes)> {
        self.request_with(&self.http()?, method, uri, body, what)
            .await
    }

    async fn request_with(
        &self,
        http: &reqwest::Client,
        method: hyper::Method,
        uri: &str,
        body: Option<Vec<u8>>,
        what: &str,
    ) -> Result<(hyper::StatusCode, bytes::Bytes)> {
        let url = self.origin.join(uri).context("joining the request path")?;
        let send = |token: String| {
            let mut req = http.request(method.clone(), url.clone()).bearer_auth(token);
            if let Some(body) = &body {
                req = req
                    .header(reqwest::header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
                    .body(body.clone());
            }
            req.send()
        };
        let context = || format!("sending the {what} request to {}", self.origin);
        let token = self.access_token(http, None).await?;
        let mut resp = send(token.clone()).await.with_context(context)?;
        if resp.status() == reqwest::StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED {
            let fresh = self.access_token(http, Some(&token)).await?;
            resp = send(fresh).await.with_context(context)?;
        }
        let status = resp.status();
        if status == reqwest::StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED {
            bail!(
                "{} refused the cached login (401). {}",
                self.origin,
                self.not_logged_in()
            );
        }
        if status.is_redirection() {
            bail!(
                "{} answered {status} instead of the controller's response; its `/api/` \
                 did not accept a bearer token",
                self.origin
            );
        }
        let body = resp.bytes().await.context("reading the response")?;
        Ok((status, body))
    }

    /// The cached access token, refreshed first if it is about to expire or is
    /// `rejected`, the one the gateway just refused.
    async fn access_token(&self, http: &reqwest::Client, rejected: Option<&str>) -> Result<String> {
        let path = self.cache_path();
        let now = chrono::Utc::now().timestamp();
        let due = |c: &Cached| needs_refresh(c, now) || rejected == Some(c.access_token.as_str());
        let cached = read_cache(&path)?.with_context(|| self.not_logged_in())?;
        if !due(&cached) {
            return Ok(cached.access_token);
        }
        let _lock = lock(&path)?;
        // Another process may have refreshed while this one waited for the lock.
        let cached = read_cache(&path)?.with_context(|| self.not_logged_in())?;
        if !due(&cached) {
            return Ok(cached.access_token);
        }
        let token = token_request(
            http,
            &cached.auth,
            &[
                ("grant_type", "refresh_token"),
                ("client_id", CLIENT_ID),
                ("refresh_token", &cached.refresh_token),
            ],
        )
        .await
        .with_context(|| format!("refreshing the login. {}", self.not_logged_in()))?;
        let fresh = refreshed(cached, token, now);
        write_cache(&path, &fresh)?;
        Ok(fresh.access_token)
    }
}

/// `$XDG_STATE_HOME/swarmctl`, else `~/.local/state/swarmctl`.
pub(crate) fn state_dir() -> Result<PathBuf> {
    std::env::var_os("XDG_STATE_HOME")
        .map(PathBuf::from)
        .or_else(|| std::env::var_os("HOME").map(|h| PathBuf::from(h).join(".local/state")))
        .map(|state| state.join("swarmctl"))
        .context("neither XDG_STATE_HOME nor HOME is set, so there is nowhere to keep the login")
}

/// The token cache: one file per swarm, mode 0600, in a 0700 directory.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub(crate) struct Cached {
    /// authelia's origin, where the refresh goes.
    pub auth: String,
    pub access_token: String,
    pub refresh_token: String,
    /// Unix seconds.
    pub expires_at: i64,
}

/// authelia's token endpoint answer.
#[derive(Deserialize)]
pub(crate) struct TokenResponse {
    pub access_token: String,
    pub expires_in: i64,
    pub refresh_token: Option<String>,
}

pub(crate) fn needs_refresh(cached: &Cached, now: i64) -> bool {
    cached.expires_at - EXPIRY_MARGIN_SECS <= now
}

/// The cache after a refresh. The new refresh token replaces the old one,
/// which is dead from the moment it was used.
pub(crate) fn refreshed(cached: Cached, token: TokenResponse, now: i64) -> Cached {
    Cached {
        refresh_token: token.refresh_token.unwrap_or(cached.refresh_token),
        access_token: token.access_token,
        expires_at: now + token.expires_in,
        auth: cached.auth,
    }
}

/// POST a form to authelia's token endpoint.
pub(crate) async fn token_request(
    http: &reqwest::Client,
    auth: &str,
    form: &[(&str, &str)],
) -> Result<TokenResponse> {
    let resp = http
        .post(format!("{auth}/api/oidc/token"))
        .form(form)
        .send()
        .await
        .with_context(|| format!("calling {auth}/api/oidc/token"))?;
    oauth_json(resp).await
}

/// Decode an OAuth 2.0 JSON answer, or turn its `error` into the message.
pub(crate) async fn oauth_json<T: serde::de::DeserializeOwned>(
    resp: reqwest::Response,
) -> Result<T> {
    let status = resp.status();
    let body = resp.bytes().await.context("reading authelia's response")?;
    if !status.is_success() {
        let v: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&body).unwrap_or_default();
        let field = |k| v.get(k).and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str).unwrap_or("");
        return Err(anyhow!(
            "authelia answered {status}: {} {}",
            field("error"),
            field("error_description")
        ));
    }
    serde_json::from_slice(&body).context("decoding authelia's response")
}

pub(crate) fn read_cache(path: &Path) -> Result<Option<Cached>> {
    match fs::read(path) {
        Ok(bytes) => serde_json::from_slice(&bytes)
            .map(Some)
            .with_context(|| format!("decoding the login cache {}", path.display())),
        Err(e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => Ok(None),
        Err(e) => Err(e).with_context(|| format!("reading the login cache {}", path.display())),
    }
}

/// Write through a 0600 temp file and rename, so the tokens are never
/// readable by anyone else, not even for the moment between create and chmod.
pub(crate) fn write_cache(path: &Path, cached: &Cached) -> Result<()> {
    let dir = path
        .parent()
        .context("the login cache path has no directory")?;
    DirBuilder::new()
        .recursive(true)
        .mode(0o700)
        .create(dir)
        .with_context(|| format!("creating {}", dir.display()))?;
    let tmp = path.with_extension("json.tmp");
    let _ = fs::remove_file(&tmp);
    let mut file = OpenOptions::new()
        .write(true)
        .create_new(true)
        .mode(0o600)
        .open(&tmp)
        .with_context(|| format!("creating {}", tmp.display()))?;
    file.write_all(&serde_json::to_vec(cached)?)
        .and_then(|()| file.sync_all())
        .with_context(|| format!("writing {}", tmp.display()))?;
    fs::rename(&tmp, path).with_context(|| format!("replacing {}", path.display()))
}

/// Hold an exclusive lock beside the cache until the returned file drops.
pub(crate) fn lock(path: &Path) -> Result<File> {
    if let Some(dir) = path.parent() {
        DirBuilder::new().recursive(true).mode(0o700).create(dir)?;
    }
    let lock_path = path.with_extension("lock");
    let file = OpenOptions::new()
        .create(true)
        .truncate(false)
        .write(true)
        .mode(0o600)
        .open(&lock_path)
        .with_context(|| format!("opening {}", lock_path.display()))?;
    rustix::fs::flock(&file, rustix::fs::FlockOperation::LockExclusive)
        .with_context(|| format!("locking {}", lock_path.display()))?;
    Ok(file)
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt as _;
    use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};

    use super::*;

    fn cached(expires_at: i64) -> Cached {
        Cached {
            auth: "https://auth.example.test".into(),
            access_token: "at-old".into(),
            refresh_token: "rt-old".into(),
            expires_at,
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_token_is_refreshed_only_inside_the_margin() {
        assert!(!needs_refresh(
            &cached(1_000),
            1_000 - EXPIRY_MARGIN_SECS - 1
        ));
        assert!(needs_refresh(&cached(1_000), 1_000 - EXPIRY_MARGIN_SECS));
        assert!(needs_refresh(&cached(1_000), 2_000));
    }

    /// authelia rotates the refresh token; keeping the used one would make
    /// the next refresh revoke the whole login.
    #[test]
    fn a_refresh_replaces_both_tokens_and_the_expiry() {
        let token = TokenResponse {
            access_token: "at-new".into(),
            expires_in: 3599,
            refresh_token: Some("rt-new".into()),
        };
        let fresh = refreshed(cached(0), token, 5_000);
        assert_eq!(fresh.access_token, "at-new");
        assert_eq!(fresh.refresh_token, "rt-new");
        assert_eq!(fresh.expires_at, 8_599);
        assert_eq!(fresh.auth, "https://auth.example.test");
    }

    #[test]
    fn the_cache_is_written_owner_only_and_reads_back() {
        let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("swarmctl-cache-{}", std::process::id()));
        let path = dir.join("swarmctl").join("swarm.example.test.json");
        let _ = fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);

        assert_eq!(read_cache(&path).expect("missing is not an error"), None);
        write_cache(&path, &cached(42)).expect("writes");
        write_cache(&path, &cached(43)).expect("overwrites");

        let mode = |p: &Path| fs::metadata(p).expect("stat").permissions().mode() & 0o777;
        assert_eq!(mode(&path), 0o600);
        assert_eq!(mode(path.parent().expect("dir")), 0o700);
        assert_eq!(read_cache(&path).expect("reads"), Some(cached(43)));
        fs::remove_dir_all(&dir).expect("cleanup");
    }

    #[test]
    fn the_audience_is_the_api_prefix_of_the_origin() {
        let swarm = Swarm::parse("https://swarm.example.test/some/page", None, "/s".into())
            .expect("parses");
        assert_eq!(swarm.audience(), "https://swarm.example.test/api/");
        assert!(Swarm::parse("http://swarm.example.test", None, "/s".into()).is_err());
    }

    /// authelia's token endpoint and the gateway's `/api/`, as far as these
    /// tests need them: a refresh rotates both tokens, a used refresh token
    /// revokes the login (as authelia does), and `/api/` admits only the
    /// current access token.
    struct Mock {
        refresh: Option<String>,
        access: Option<String>,
        refreshes: u32,
        api_calls: u32,
        api_refuses_all: bool,
    }

    fn mock() -> Arc<Mutex<Mock>> {
        Arc::new(Mutex::new(Mock {
            refresh: Some("rt-0".into()),
            access: Some("at-0".into()),
            refreshes: 0,
            api_calls: 0,
            api_refuses_all: false,
        }))
    }

    /// Serve `mock` on a loopback port from its own thread, so callers on
    /// other threads can block on the cache lock without stalling it.
    fn serve(mock: &Arc<Mutex<Mock>>) -> url::Url {
        let listener = std::net::TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind");
        let addr = listener.local_addr().expect("addr");
        listener.set_nonblocking(true).expect("nonblocking");
        let mock = Arc::clone(mock);
        std::thread::spawn(move || {
            let rt = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
                .enable_all()
                .build()
                .expect("runtime");
            rt.block_on(async move {
                let listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::from_std(listener).expect("listener");
                loop {
                    let (stream, _) = listener.accept().await.expect("accept");
                    let mock = Arc::clone(&mock);
                    tokio::spawn(async move {
                        let service = hyper::service::service_fn(move |req| {
                            let mock = Arc::clone(&mock);
                            async move { Ok::<_, std::convert::Infallible>(answer(&mock, req).await) }
                        });
                        let _ = hyper::server::conn::http1::Builder::new()
                            .serve_connection(hyper_util::rt::TokioIo::new(stream), service)
                            .await;
                    });
                }
            });
        });
        url::Url::parse(&format!("http://{addr}/")).expect("url")
    }

    async fn answer(
        mock: &Mutex<Mock>,
        req: hyper::Request<hyper::body::Incoming>,
    ) -> hyper::Response<http_body_util::Full<bytes::Bytes>> {
        use http_body_util::BodyExt as _;
        let reply = |status: u16, body: serde_json::Value| {
            hyper::Response::builder()
                .status(status)
                .body(http_body_util::Full::new(body.to_string().into()))
                .expect("response")
        };
        let path = req.uri().path().to_owned();
        let bearer = req
            .headers()
            .get(hyper::header::AUTHORIZATION)
            .and_then(|v| v.to_str().ok())
            .and_then(|v| v.strip_prefix("Bearer "))
            .map(str::to_owned);
        let body = req.into_body().collect().await.expect("body").to_bytes();
        if path == "/api/oidc/token" {
            // Wide enough that two unlocked refreshers are both in flight.
            tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(200)).await;
            let presented = url::form_urlencoded::parse(&body)
                .find(|(k, _)| k == "refresh_token")
                .map(|(_, v)| v.into_owned());
            let mut m = mock.lock().expect("mock");
            if presented.is_none() || presented != m.refresh {
                m.refresh = None;
                m.access = None;
                return reply(400, serde_json::json!({ "error": "invalid_grant" }));
            }
            m.refreshes += 1;
            m.access = Some(format!("at-{}", m.refreshes));
            m.refresh = Some(format!("rt-{}", m.refreshes));
            return reply(
                200,
                serde_json::json!({
                    "access_token": m.access, "refresh_token": m.refresh, "expires_in": 3600,
                }),
            );
        }
        let mut m = mock.lock().expect("mock");
        m.api_calls += 1;
        if !m.api_refuses_all && bearer.is_some() && bearer == m.access {
            reply(200, serde_json::json!({ "ok": true }))
        } else {
            reply(401, serde_json::json!({}))
        }
    }

    fn scratch(name: &str) -> PathBuf {
        let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("swarmctl-{name}-{}", std::process::id()));
        let _ = fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
        dir
    }

    /// A swarm whose API and authelia are both `origin`, with a cached login.
    fn logged_in(origin: &url::Url, dir: &Path, access_token: &str, expires_at: i64) -> Swarm {
        let swarm = Swarm {
            origin: origin.clone(),
            ca_file: None,
            state_dir: dir.to_owned(),
        };
        let cache = Cached {
            auth: origin.as_str().trim_end_matches('/').to_owned(),
            access_token: access_token.into(),
            refresh_token: "rt-0".into(),
            expires_at,
        };
        write_cache(&swarm.cache_path(), &cache).expect("cache");
        swarm
    }

    /// Plain HTTP only: no system roots, which the build sandbox doesn't have.
    fn client() -> reqwest::Client {
        reqwest::Client::builder()
            .tls_certs_only([])
            .build()
            .expect("client")
    }

    fn block_on<T>(fut: impl std::future::Future<Output = T>) -> T {
        tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
            .enable_all()
            .build()
            .expect("runtime")
            .block_on(fut)
    }

    /// Two refreshers on one expired cache, as two `swarmctl` processes would
    /// be: one refresh, and both get the token it issued. Without the lock
    /// and the reread under it, the second presents the used refresh token
    /// and authelia revokes the login.
    #[test]
    fn concurrent_refreshers_refresh_once_and_share_the_token() {
        let mock = mock();
        let origin = serve(&mock);
        let dir = scratch("concurrent");
        logged_in(&origin, &dir, "at-0", 0);

        let start = Arc::new(std::sync::Barrier::new(2));
        let refreshers: Vec<_> = (0..2)
            .map(|_| {
                let swarm = Swarm {
                    origin: origin.clone(),
                    ca_file: None,
                    state_dir: dir.clone(),
                };
                let start = Arc::clone(&start);
                std::thread::spawn(move || {
                    let http = client();
                    start.wait();
                    block_on(swarm.access_token(&http, None))
                })
            })
            .collect();
        let tokens: Vec<String> = refreshers
            .into_iter()
            .map(|r| r.join().expect("thread").expect("refreshed"))
            .collect();

        let m = mock.lock().expect("mock");
        assert_eq!(m.refreshes, 1);
        assert_eq!(tokens, ["at-1", "at-1"]);
        assert_eq!(m.access.as_deref(), Some("at-1"), "the login is still live");
        fs::remove_dir_all(&dir).expect("cleanup");
    }

    /// The clock says the token is good and the gateway refuses it: refresh
    /// once and retry.
    #[test]
    fn a_refused_token_is_refreshed_once_and_the_request_retried() {
        let mock = mock();
        let origin = serve(&mock);
        let dir = scratch("retry");
        let swarm = logged_in(&origin, &dir, "at-revoked", i64::MAX / 2);

        let (status, _) =
            block_on(swarm.request_with(&client(), hyper::Method::GET, "/api/x", None, "x"))
                .expect("the retry succeeds");
        assert_eq!(status, hyper::StatusCode::OK);
        let m = mock.lock().expect("mock");
        assert_eq!((m.refreshes, m.api_calls), (1, 2));
        drop(m);
        let cached = read_cache(&swarm.cache_path())
            .expect("read")
            .expect("cache");
        assert_eq!(cached.access_token, "at-1");
        fs::remove_dir_all(&dir).expect("cleanup");
    }

    /// A 401 after the refresh means the login itself is gone: say so, once.
    #[test]
    fn a_second_401_says_to_log_in_and_does_not_retry_again() {
        let mock = mock();
        mock.lock().expect("mock").api_refuses_all = true;
        let origin = serve(&mock);
        let dir = scratch("refused");
        let swarm = logged_in(&origin, &dir, "at-0", i64::MAX / 2);

        let err = block_on(swarm.request_with(&client(), hyper::Method::GET, "/api/x", None, "x"))
            .expect_err("still refused")
            .to_string();
        assert!(err.contains("(401)") && err.contains("login`"), "{err}");
        let m = mock.lock().expect("mock");
        assert_eq!((m.refreshes, m.api_calls), (1, 2));
        fs::remove_dir_all(&dir).expect("cleanup");
    }
}