diff --git a/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/call.js b/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/call.js
index 2440c6df..a332d20e 100644
--- a/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/call.js
+++ b/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/call.js
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 import { $, el, form, Panel, appendLinkified } from './common.js';
 import { themedToast } from './modal.js';
-import { fmtAgo, fmtDuration } from './util.js';
+import { epochSec, fmtAgo, fmtDuration } from './util.js';
 import { questionsState, QUESTION_HISTORY_LIMIT } from './state.js';
 
 // Registered by the dashboard entry at boot; defaults to a no-op so the
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ function renderOperatorInbox() {
     `✓ mark all read (${operatorInbox.length})`);
   mark.addEventListener('click', markOperatorInboxRead);
   root.append(el('div', { class: 'inbox-toolbar' }, mark));
-  const fmt = (n) => new Date(n * 1000).toISOString().replace('T', ' ').slice(0, 19);
+  const fmt = (ts) => new Date(ts).toISOString().replace('T', ' ').slice(0, 19);
   const ul = el('ul', { class: 'inbox' });
   for (const m of operatorInbox) {
     const body = el('span', { class: 'msg-body' });
@@ -333,11 +333,12 @@ export function renderApprovals() {
     // Goes amber once it's been pending an hour so a stale request is
     // obvious at a glance (see docs/web-ui.md::Approval card).
     if (a.requested_at != null) {
-      const ageSec = Math.max(0, Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000 - a.requested_at));
+      const requestedSec = epochSec(a.requested_at);
+      const ageSec = Math.max(0, Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000 - requestedSec));
       head.append(el('span', {
         class: 'approval-ts' + (ageSec >= 3600 ? ' stale' : ''),
-        title: 'requested ' + new Date(a.requested_at * 1000).toLocaleString(),
-        'data-requested-at': String(a.requested_at),
+        title: 'requested ' + new Date(a.requested_at).toLocaleString(),
+        'data-requested-at': String(requestedSec),
       }, 'requested ' + fmtAgo(a.requested_at)));
     }
     li.append(head);
@@ -556,7 +557,7 @@ function questionRowFingerprint(q) {
 // Event listeners attached here (keydown on textarea, submit on form) are
 // preserved in the reused node — no re-attachment needed.
 function buildQuestionLi(q) {
-  const fmt = (n) => new Date(n * 1000).toISOString().replace('T', ' ').slice(0, 19);
+  const fmt = (ts) => new Date(ts).toISOString().replace('T', ' ').slice(0, 19);
   const targetLabel = q.target || 'operator';
   const li = el('li', { class: 'question' + (q.target ? ' question-peer' : '') });
   const head = el('div', { class: 'q-head' },
@@ -570,10 +571,10 @@ function buildQuestionLi(q) {
     // Tag the chip with its deadline so the global 1s ticker
     // can refresh the text without re-rendering the questions section.
     const ttlEl = el('span', {
-      class: 'q-ttl', 'data-deadline': String(q.deadline_at),
+      class: 'q-ttl', 'data-deadline': String(epochSec(q.deadline_at)),
     });
     ttlEl.textContent = formatTtl(
-      q.deadline_at - Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000),
+      epochSec(q.deadline_at) - Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000),
     );
     head.append(' ', ttlEl);
   }
@@ -694,7 +695,7 @@ export function renderQuestions() {
   // <li> nodes (preserving textarea/checkbox state) and only rebuilds
   // cache-miss rows, so we no longer wipe the DOM at the start.
   const openDetails = snapshotOpenDetails(root);
-  const fmt = (n) => new Date(n * 1000).toISOString().replace('T', ' ').slice(0, 19);
+  const fmt = (ts) => new Date(ts).toISOString().replace('T', ' ').slice(0, 19);
   const allPending = questionsState.pending;
 
   // Filter chips. Always include `all` / `operator` / `peer`; add
diff --git a/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/flow.js b/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/flow.js
index d8cc681e..94ab12f4 100644
--- a/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/flow.js
+++ b/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/flow.js
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import {
   appendLinkified,
   openStream, initServerWarnings,
 } from './common.js';
+import { epochSec } from './util.js';
 
 (() => {
   NOTIF.bind();
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ import {
     const flow = $('msgflow');
     if (!flow) return;
     flow.replaceChildren();
-    const tsFmt = (n) => new Date(n * 1000).toISOString().slice(11, 19);
+    const tsFmt = (ts) => new Date(ts).toISOString().slice(11, 19);
     // Pulse the page banner whenever a broker event lands. The
     // `.banner` element lives in the dashboard's <footer> rather than
     // in the flow chrome — `pulseBanner` no-ops on /flow.html since
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ import {
     const recentSent = new Map(); // broker row id → { row, at }
     function rememberSent(ev, row) {
       if (ev.id == null || ev.id <= 0) return;
-      recentSent.set(ev.id, { row, at: ev.at });
+      recentSent.set(ev.id, { row, at: epochSec(ev.at) });
       // Bound the map — drop the oldest entries once it grows past a
       // page of un-collapsed sends (insertion order = oldest first).
       while (recentSent.size > 256) {
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ import {
     function collapseDelivered(ev) {
       if (ev.id == null || ev.id <= 0) return false;
       const s = recentSent.get(ev.id);
-      if (!s || ev.at - s.at > COLLAPSE_SECS) return false;
+      if (!s || epochSec(ev.at) - s.at > COLLAPSE_SECS) return false;
       const arrow = s.row.querySelector('.msg-arrow');
       if (arrow) arrow.textContent = '✓';
       // Re-style the row as delivered (green ✓) — the collapsed line now
diff --git a/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/logs.js b/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/logs.js
index 8f86bca4..38608f75 100644
--- a/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/logs.js
+++ b/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/logs.js
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 import {
   $, el, fmtAgeSecs, openStream, initServerWarnings,
 } from './common.js';
+import { epochSec } from './util.js';
 import { createTabStrip } from '@hive/shared/tabs.js';
 
 (() => {
@@ -170,10 +171,11 @@ import { createTabStrip } from '@hive/shared/tabs.js';
   let auditTotal   = 0;
   let auditFetching = false;
 
-  // ts_unix is unix seconds — fmtAgeSecs wants an age in seconds.
-  function auditFmtWhen(tsUnix) {
-    if (!tsUnix) return '';
-    const age = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) - tsUnix;
+  // ts_unix arrives as an RFC 3339 string — fmtAgeSecs wants an age
+  // in seconds, so normalize via epochSec first.
+  function auditFmtWhen(ts) {
+    if (!ts) return '';
+    const age = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) - epochSec(ts);
     return fmtAgeSecs(Math.max(0, age)) + ' ago';
   }
 
@@ -234,7 +236,7 @@ import { createTabStrip } from '@hive/shared/tabs.js';
       tbody.append(el('tr', {},
         el('td', {
           class: 'audit-when meta',
-          title: e.ts_unix ? new Date(e.ts_unix * 1000).toISOString() : '',
+          title: e.ts_unix ? new Date(e.ts_unix).toISOString() : '',
         }, auditFmtWhen(e.ts_unix)),
         el('td', { class: 'audit-agent' }, e.agent || ''),
         el('td', { class: 'audit-action' }, e.action || ''),
diff --git a/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/schedules.js b/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/schedules.js
index e81d70b5..48ceb5ab 100644
--- a/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/schedules.js
+++ b/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/schedules.js
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 import { $, el, appendLinkified } from './common.js';
 import { themedConfirm, themedToast } from './modal.js';
-import { paintAtomic, fmtAgo, fmtDuration } from './util.js';
+import { paintAtomic, epochSec, fmtAgo, fmtDuration } from './util.js';
 import { containersState } from './state.js';
 
 export async function refreshReminders() {
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ function renderReminders(rows) {
     for (const r of rows) {
       const failed = (r.attempt_count || 0) > 0;
       const li = el('li', { class: 'reminder-row' + (failed ? ' reminder-failed' : '') });
-      const dueIn = r.due_at - Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
+      const dueIn = epochSec(r.due_at) - Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
       const dueLabel = dueIn <= 0
         ? `overdue ${fmtAgo(r.due_at)}`
         : `in ${fmtDuration(dueIn)}`;
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ function renderReminders(rows) {
         el('span', { class: 'agent' }, r.agent), ' ',
         el('span', {
           class: 'meta reminder-due',
-          title: new Date(r.due_at * 1000).toISOString(),
-          'data-due-at': String(r.due_at),
+          title: new Date(r.due_at).toISOString(),
+          'data-due-at': String(epochSec(r.due_at)),
         }, dueLabel),
         ' ',
         el('span', { class: 'meta' }, `· id ${r.id}`),
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ function renderSchedulesList() {
       const aOrd = a.cancelled_at_unix ? 2 : a.paused_at_unix ? 1 : 0;
       const bOrd = b.cancelled_at_unix ? 2 : b.paused_at_unix ? 1 : 0;
       if (aOrd !== bOrd) return aOrd - bOrd;
-      return a.next_fire_at_unix - b.next_fire_at_unix;
+      return epochSec(a.next_fire_at_unix) - epochSec(b.next_fire_at_unix);
     });
     for (const s of sorted) {
       tbody.append(renderScheduleRow(s, agents));
@@ -657,24 +657,24 @@ function renderScheduleRow(s, agents) {
   // absolute ISO in the title.
   const nextCell = el('td', { class: 'meta schedules-table-next-col' });
   if (cancelled) {
-    nextCell.title = 'cancelled ' + new Date(s.cancelled_at_unix * 1000).toISOString();
+    nextCell.title = 'cancelled ' + new Date(s.cancelled_at_unix).toISOString();
     nextCell.textContent = 'cancelled';
   } else if (paused) {
     nextCell.title = 'paused since '
-      + new Date(s.paused_at_unix * 1000).toISOString()
+      + new Date(s.paused_at_unix).toISOString()
       + '\nwould fire at '
-      + new Date(s.next_fire_at_unix * 1000).toISOString();
+      + new Date(s.next_fire_at_unix).toISOString();
     nextCell.append(
       el('span', { class: 'sched-paused-label' }, '⏸ paused'),
     );
   } else {
-    const dueIn = s.next_fire_at_unix - Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
-    nextCell.title = new Date(s.next_fire_at_unix * 1000).toISOString();
+    const dueIn = epochSec(s.next_fire_at_unix) - Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
+    nextCell.title = new Date(s.next_fire_at_unix).toISOString();
     nextCell.textContent = dueIn <= 0
       ? 'overdue ' + fmtAgo(s.next_fire_at_unix)
       : fmtDuration(dueIn);
     nextCell.classList.add('sched-due');
-    nextCell.dataset.dueAt = String(s.next_fire_at_unix);
+    nextCell.dataset.dueAt = String(epochSec(s.next_fire_at_unix));
   }
   tr.append(nextCell);
 
@@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ function renderScheduleEditForm(s) {
   });
   firstFireInput.value = carry.next_fire !== undefined
     ? carry.next_fire
-    : isoForDatetimeLocal(new Date(s.next_fire_at_unix * 1000));
+    : isoForDatetimeLocal(new Date(s.next_fire_at_unix));
   form_.append(scheduleField('next fire', firstFireInput));
 
   const intervalCx = buildIntervalComposer({
@@ -968,7 +968,7 @@ async function submitEditSchedule(originalSchedule, form_) {
   if (newDescription !== (s.description || '')) {
     patch.description = newDescription || null;
   }
-  if (newNextFireUnix !== s.next_fire_at_unix) {
+  if (newNextFireUnix !== epochSec(s.next_fire_at_unix)) {
     patch.next_fire_at_unix = newNextFireUnix;
   }
   if (newIntervalSeconds !== (s.interval_seconds || null)) {
diff --git a/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/util.js b/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/util.js
index 5ebb1e57..ff78ab49 100644
--- a/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/util.js
+++ b/frontend/packages/dashboard/src/util.js
@@ -19,9 +19,18 @@ export function paintAtomic(liveRoot, build) {
   liveRoot.replaceChildren(buf);
 }
 
-// Relative age of a unix timestamp, coarsened to one unit ("5m ago").
-export function fmtAgo(unixSecs) {
-  const ageSec = Math.max(0, Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000 - unixSecs));
+// Epoch seconds from an API timestamp. The hive-c0re dashboard API
+// ships timestamps as RFC 3339 strings; a few feeds (rebuild queue,
+// meta inputs, turn stats) still carry unix-second numbers, so
+// numbers pass through unchanged.
+export function epochSec(ts) {
+  return typeof ts === 'number' ? ts : Math.floor(Date.parse(ts) / 1000);
+}
+
+// Relative age of a timestamp (RFC 3339 string or unix seconds),
+// coarsened to one unit ("5m ago").
+export function fmtAgo(ts) {
+  const ageSec = Math.max(0, Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000 - epochSec(ts)));
   if (ageSec < 60) return ageSec + 's ago';
   if (ageSec < 3600) return Math.floor(ageSec / 60) + 'm ago';
   if (ageSec < 86400) return Math.floor(ageSec / 3600) + 'h ago';