hive-agent: re-send the turn-state header once a minute

The header on `$SWARM.agent-state.<agent>` went out only when a bus event
changed it, and the core subject keeps nothing for a late subscriber. An
idle agent therefore said nothing to a reader that attached after its
last change: swarm-controller after a restart showed `effective: null`
for that agent until its next turn, which can be hours.

The publish loop now also wakes every 60 s and re-sends the current
header through the same `publish` path (clearing the dedup state first).
Transitions still go out as they happen. Same subject, same grant.

An agent whose queue connection is down now logs `swarm agent state:
publish skipped` once a minute even while idle, so the
`hh-swarm-agent-state-publish-skipped` alert also fires for idle
disconnected agents, not only busy ones.

Refs #5034

docs/swarm/README.md

@@ -230,13 +230,14 @@ a destroyed one doesn't exist — so a view that needs the full four-state pictu
 takes them from the `agent-status` bucket and uses this subject to sharpen the
 rest.
 
-Headers go out **on transition, not on a timer**: the harness rebuilds the
-header whenever its event bus moves and publishes only when the result differs
-from what it last sent. That's the whole point of the subject — the
-`agent-status` bucket already republishes once a minute, which is far too slow
-for "is this agent thinking right now." The cost of a core subject is that a
-subscriber attaching mid-idle sees nothing until the next change, so a renderer
-opens with the bucket's snapshot and lets this stream refine it.
+Headers go out **on transition**: the harness rebuilds the header whenever its
+event bus moves and publishes when the result differs from what it last sent.
+That's the whole point of the subject — the `agent-status` bucket already
+republishes once a minute, which is far too slow for "is this agent thinking
+right now." A core subject keeps nothing for a late subscriber, so the harness
+also re-sends the current header once a minute: a subscriber attaching
+mid-idle sees it within that minute. A renderer opens with the bucket's
+snapshot and lets this stream refine it.
 
 Swarm-side, `GET /api/agents/<name>/state/stream` relays that subject as SSE,
 resolving the agent's hive at request time exactly as the terminal stream does.

docs/swarm/inference.md

@@ -51,10 +51,9 @@ Each running value names where it comes from:
 When the agent starts without a swarm value, its agent.nix model wins over
 its `/model` pick, and its `/effort` pick wins over its agent.nix effort.
 
-The agent reports these whenever they change. swarm-controller keeps only
-what it has received since it started, so after a controller restart `get`
-shows `running: not reported…` for an agent until its next change (its next
-turn, or a setting changing).
+The agent reports these whenever they change, and again once a minute.
+swarm-controller keeps only what it has received since it started, so for up
+to a minute after a controller restart `get` shows `running: not reported…`.
 
 ## When an agent picks a change up
 

frontend/packages/swarm-ui/src/pages/agents/useSwarmAgentStateStream.ts

@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@
 // coalesce: each event is just the latest value.
 //
 // **No seed on attach.** `agent_state_stream.rs`'s own module doc names
-// this limitation: the subject is published on transition only, so an
-// agent that has sat idle since before this hook mounted announces
-// nothing until its next change. `header` stays `null` until the first
-// event lands — callers should render no badges in that gap rather than
-// a stale or guessed one (there is no swarm-level endpoint today that
-// can seed turn_state/model/ctx/cost synchronously — `GET
-// /api/agents/status`'s snapshot carries only `status_text`/`running`).
+// this limitation: the subject is published on transition and re-sent
+// once a minute, so an agent that has sat idle since before this hook
+// mounted announces nothing for up to a minute. `header` stays `null`
+// until the first event lands — callers should render no badges in that
+// gap rather than a stale or guessed one (there is no swarm-level
+// endpoint today that can seed turn_state/model/ctx/cost synchronously —
+// `GET /api/agents/status`'s snapshot carries only
+// `status_text`/`running`).
 import { useEffect, useState } from "preact/hooks";
 
 export type ConnectionState = "connecting" | "open" | "reconnecting" | "closed";

hive-agent/Cargo.toml

@@ -52,8 +52,11 @@ tokio-stream.workspace = true
 tower-http.workspace = true
 tracing.workspace = true
 
+# `test-util` for `#[tokio::test(start_paused = true)]`: `swarm_agent_state`'s
+# refresh test waits out its one-minute interval on paused time.
 [dev-dependencies]
 tempfile = "3"
+tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["test-util"] }
 
 # Single harness serve-loop binary: `hive-agent` (from `src/main.rs`).
 # The sibling MCP server is its own bin crate now (`hive-agent-mcp`).

hive-agent/src/swarm_agent_state.rs

@@ -8,9 +8,8 @@
 //! offers the same values upward on their own subject so a swarm-level
 //! header can render an agent without reaching into its hive.
 //!
-//! **Published on transition, not on a timer.** The whole reason this
-//! exists is that the once-a-minute bucket is too stale, so a second
-//! periodic publisher would reproduce the problem it is here to fix. This
+//! **Published on transition.** The whole reason this exists is that the
+//! once-a-minute bucket is too stale for "is it thinking right now". This
 //! subscribes to the event bus and republishes whenever the snapshot it
 //! builds differs from the one it last sent — see [`run`] for why the
 //! comparison is on the serialized bytes rather than on an event allow-list.
@@ -18,18 +17,20 @@
 //! **A core subject, not `JetStream`**, for the reason
 //! [`crate::swarm_term`] gives at more length: nothing here is worth the
 //! durability of the notices stream, and it keeps the agent's grant to a
-//! plain publish. It does cost this subject the one thing a header would
-//! like and a terminal would not — a late subscriber sees nothing until the
-//! next transition, rather than the current value. Accepted, because the
-//! alternative is a KV bucket written on every turn-state flip, and the
-//! swarm already has one of those at the resolution it can afford.
+//! plain publish. The queue keeps no header for a late subscriber, so the
+//! current header is also re-sent every [`REFRESH_INTERVAL`]: a reader that
+//! attaches while the agent is idle (swarm-controller after a restart) has
+//! it within that interval. Transitions still go out as they happen.
 //!
 //! **Best-effort per transition.** The turn loop and the web UI never wait on
 //! the queue, so the bus receiver is the only thing this task blocks on; a
 //! failed publish is a log line and the next transition is still attempted.
 
+use std::time::Duration;
+
 use serde::Serialize;
 use tokio::sync::broadcast;
+use tokio::time::{Interval, MissedTickBehavior};
 
 use swarm_queue_client::agent_inference::Effective;
 use swarm_queue_client::wanted::AgentState;
@@ -42,6 +43,9 @@ use crate::term_msg::iso8601_utc;
 /// Same margin and same reasoning as `swarm_term::HEADROOM`.
 const HEADROOM: usize = 1024;
 
+/// How often the current header is re-sent when nothing changed it.
+const REFRESH_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_mins(1);
+
 /// One turn-state header, as a swarm-level reader receives it.
 ///
 /// The field names here are the published contract; two of them
@@ -170,35 +174,72 @@ pub fn spawn(bus: &Bus) {
 /// and it carries nothing this header reads. Every other variant, including
 /// any added later, funnels into the comparison and costs nothing when it
 /// changes nothing.
+///
+/// A [`Trigger::Refresh`] re-sends the header even when it is unchanged.
 async fn run(mut rx: broadcast::Receiver<BusEvent>, bus: Bus, agent: String) {
     let client = crate::swarm_queue::client().await;
     let subject = swarm_queue_client::agent_state_subject(&agent);
     tracing::info!(subject, "publishing agent turn state to the swarm queue");
 
     // The last payload actually sent, so a rebuild that changed nothing is
-    // dropped here instead of on the wire. `None` until the first publish,
-    // which is what makes the boot-time header go out at all: an agent that
-    // sat idle from boot would otherwise never announce itself.
+    // dropped here instead of on the wire. `None` until the first publish.
     let mut last: Option<Vec<u8>> = None;
+    let mut refresh = refresh_timer();
+    while let Some(trigger) = next_trigger(&mut rx, &mut refresh).await {
+        if trigger == Trigger::Refresh {
+            last = None;
+        }
+        publish(&client, &subject, &snapshot(&bus), &mut last).await;
+    }
+}
+
+/// Why a header is offered.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum Trigger {
+    /// A bus event that may have changed it.
+    Event,
+    /// [`REFRESH_INTERVAL`] passed.
+    Refresh,
+}
+
+/// Ticks every [`REFRESH_INTERVAL`], the first one an interval from now,
+/// since the harness's boot events already send the first header.
+fn refresh_timer() -> Interval {
+    let mut timer = tokio::time::interval_at(
+        tokio::time::Instant::now() + REFRESH_INTERVAL,
+        REFRESH_INTERVAL,
+    );
+    timer.set_missed_tick_behavior(MissedTickBehavior::Delay);
+    timer
+}
+
+/// The next reason to offer a header; `None` once the bus is closed.
+async fn next_trigger(
+    rx: &mut broadcast::Receiver<BusEvent>,
+    refresh: &mut Interval,
+) -> Option<Trigger> {
     loop {
-        match rx.recv().await {
-            // Skipped before the rebuild — see this function's doc.
+        tokio::select! {
+            _ = refresh.tick() => return Some(Trigger::Refresh),
+            event = rx.recv() => match event {
+                // Skipped before the rebuild — see [`run`]'s doc.
                 Ok(BusEvent {
                     event: LiveEvent::Stream(_),
                     ..
-            }) => continue,
-            Ok(_) => {}
+                }) => {}
+                Ok(_) => return Some(Trigger::Event),
                 // The bus drops events for a subscriber that falls behind. A
                 // header is a current value rather than a log, so a missed
-            // event costs nothing here: the rebuild below reads the state
-            // that the missed events led to, not the events themselves.
+                // event costs nothing here: the rebuild reads the state that
+                // the missed events led to, not the events themselves.
                 Err(broadcast::error::RecvError::Lagged(missed)) => {
                     tracing::debug!(missed, "swarm agent state: lagged, rebuilding anyway");
+                    return Some(Trigger::Event);
                 }
                 // Every sender is gone, so the harness is shutting down.
-            Err(broadcast::error::RecvError::Closed) => return,
+                Err(broadcast::error::RecvError::Closed) => return None,
+            },
         }
-        publish(&client, &subject, &snapshot(&bus), &mut last).await;
     }
 }
 
@@ -258,10 +299,12 @@ async fn publish(
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use super::AgentStateMsg;
-    use crate::events::TurnState;
+    use super::{AgentStateMsg, REFRESH_INTERVAL, Trigger, next_trigger, refresh_timer};
+    use crate::events::{BusEvent, LiveEvent, TurnState};
     use swarm_queue_client::agent_inference::{Effective, Source};
     use swarm_queue_client::wanted::AgentState;
+    use tokio::sync::broadcast;
+    use tokio::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
     /// `TokenUsage` is `#[non_exhaustive]`, so a downstream crate cannot
     /// write one as a struct expression at all — see `turn_stats`'s note on
@@ -404,4 +447,49 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(value["turn_state"], serde_json::json!("idle"));
         assert_eq!(value["agent_state"], serde_json::json!("up"));
     }
+
+    fn event(event: LiveEvent) -> BusEvent {
+        BusEvent {
+            seq: 0,
+            ts: 0,
+            event,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// An idle bus still yields a refresh once per interval; a bus event
+    /// yields at once, a stream line alone yields nothing, and a closed bus
+    /// ends the loop.
+    #[tokio::test(start_paused = true)]
+    async fn an_idle_header_is_refreshed_once_per_interval() {
+        let (tx, mut rx) = broadcast::channel(16);
+        let mut refresh = refresh_timer();
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        assert_eq!(
+            next_trigger(&mut rx, &mut refresh).await,
+            Some(Trigger::Refresh)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(start.elapsed(), REFRESH_INTERVAL);
+
+        tx.send(event(LiveEvent::Stream(serde_json::json!({}))))
+            .unwrap();
+        tx.send(event(LiveEvent::Note {
+            text: "claude exited 0".to_owned(),
+        }))
+        .unwrap();
+        let at = Instant::now();
+        assert_eq!(
+            next_trigger(&mut rx, &mut refresh).await,
+            Some(Trigger::Event)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(at.elapsed(), Duration::ZERO);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            next_trigger(&mut rx, &mut refresh).await,
+            Some(Trigger::Refresh)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(start.elapsed(), 2 * REFRESH_INTERVAL);
+
+        drop(tx);
+        assert_eq!(next_trigger(&mut rx, &mut refresh).await, None);
+    }
 }

swarm-controller/src/agent_state_stream.rs

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
 //! the agent's current state.
 //!
 //! **That difference is the one thing worth reading twice.** `hive-agent`
-//! publishes a header on transition, to a core subject — so a client that
-//! attaches mid-idle sees nothing until the next change, which for an agent
-//! parked overnight can be hours. A renderer therefore has to open with
-//! whatever `GET /api/agents/status` already gives it and let this stream
-//! sharpen it, rather than treating an empty stream as an empty agent. The
+//! publishes a header on transition and re-sends it once a minute, to a core
+//! subject — so a client that attaches mid-idle sees nothing for up to a
+//! minute. A renderer therefore has to open with whatever
+//! `GET /api/agents/status` already gives it and let this stream sharpen
+//! it, rather than treating an empty stream as an empty agent. The
 //! alternative would be a KV bucket written on every turn-state flip, which
 //! is the write rate this feature exists to avoid.
 //!
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ use crate::AppState;
             turn-state header, JSON as hive-agent published it (opaque to this relay) — \
             `turn_state`, `turn_state_since` (ISO 8601 UTC), `agent_state`, `model`, `effort`, \
             `model_source`, `effort_source`, `resolved_model`, `context_window_tokens`, \
-            `ctx_usage`, `cost_usage`. Sent on \
-            transition only, live, no replay: an idle agent emits nothing until it changes",
+            `ctx_usage`, `cost_usage`. Sent on transition and re-sent once a minute, live, \
+            no replay",
             body = String, content_type = "text/event-stream"),
         (status = 400, description = "the agent name is not shaped like an identifier \
             (problem+json)", body = String),

swarm-controller/src/inference.rs

@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@
 //!
 //! What the agent runs on comes from its turn-state header
 //! (`$SWARM.agent-state.<agent>`), which [`Reported`] keeps the latest of.
-//! Agents publish a header only when it changes and the queue keeps none, so
-//! an agent that has not changed since this daemon started has no entry.
+//! Agents publish a header when it changes and re-send it once a minute, and
+//! the queue keeps none, so an agent has no entry for up to a minute after
+//! this daemon starts.
 
 use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, PoisonError};

swarmctl/src/inference.rs

@@ -151,8 +151,8 @@ fn render(s: &Settings) -> String {
 fn render_effective(e: Option<&Effective>) -> String {
     e.map_or_else(
         || {
-            "running: not reported since swarm-controller started; the agent reports on its \
-             next change\n"
+            "running: not reported since swarm-controller started; the agent reports within a \
+             minute\n"
                 .to_owned()
         },
         |e| {